<ƪ>ȷԴ
ȷԴ
ߣڱ  
  
ݣԪ1644-1911  

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<ƪ>עʷ
ԣۼƪԻöںȡ 
ͨԻöں² 
Իòھߣ¡ 
ڱöܺʱΪ˺öΪ²²ԣ֤ʱ֮аҶ 
ҡͨҲзڷ֮аھҲں²֮ɣ 
ֶʱ֮ܺҲ 
ְۺƪר۷֮ΪԶںزΪһνа֮ڼ 
ߣԶؾزΪһνа֮ڹߣԶؾںΪһνа 
˺֤֮Դ٣;ʩΣǡ˺̫֮֮Ӫ纮Ӫ֮ 
ǰϵ֮ҲųԽ׿ÿۣ޲ءöΪģ 
ÿÿ棬ҲΪ֣˵δؽܾȷӡ֮Ω 
ںʲ£Ωؾ֮ܺ޲޷ڼ֮δߣ 
а̫ǳᡣ鲻аءͬа 
ͬ˲֤أԭһᣬ֮ 
ɷҲ۲ÿÿű磬ߡֻпܡѱ֮Ծ֮ 
ѧֱ֮ 
ְͱ˺ơжߣ˺ߣڼΪ² 
ΪߣȼҲʹּۣⲵ֮δ̫Ωڼ 
һǷԲʱ֮аݲͬνں¼һ֣ˡٺа֮ڷߣ 
֮룬ҲÿƤ֮а÷Ƥ򲡷ᣬ 
อն֤֮Ү 
ƪԻýȲߣ˺֮ҲԻ÷˺ߣΪ£ 
Ϊ뺹Գֹ 
ڱ÷£ʱ䡣֮Ի£֮ԻԻСԻС 
֣ΪԴھȣ޷ֱ𡣹ƪơȲߣ˺֮Ҳɼپ 
ʼ±֮аԻ Աڷ֮ⷢȲҲʱⷢؼЮʱ֮а紺 
磬ߣ̲֮΢Ҳ 
ְԡ÷˺˺רڶʱʱкΪҲΪ 
֮ȲָΪһа˶ֱ֮ߣԺηвͬ²ɺ 
ʱģ򺹳ض࣬а溹δԺֹ֮Ҳ 
аอƪ᪲Իа֮ҲΡа֮Ҳ΢ȼɫ֪ 
ޣ棻ΣĪ֪顣 
ʰۡ᪲Իаߣ磬Ҳ΢Ī֪飬Ī 
Ρ 
ڱôڣԶʱаܾ÷֮ʡʱΪаӳΪа 
ԺΪаҲ˲аܾ÷ߡ²ȡھģϸ֮ 
ۼƪ᪲Իó߷ߣҲʢߣҳҲ 
ƽۡ᪲Իһһ꣬ȣԻ¡ 
ڱó߷ȣҲȶ꣬аҲʢаѶ֮ӡ 
Է¶֤֮Ҳ 
ȲƪԻȲ֪ʹգڸɣкߣ裬ΡԻ 
Ȳѵúʢ֮ҲúȲʢúߣ֮ 
Ҳʢ꣬ú 
ڱô˽ڲ֪ʹ䣬ݷ³ۣ״档ߣа֮Ҳ 
кߣ亮а֮δ͸Ҳߣڹ裬ʲΡ 
ְѵú꣬ҲúҲа⣬֮ 
֣ 
ƪûƵԻýȲߣ˺֮Ҳ֮䣬ʮ 
ߺҲ֪⣬Ըʡ᪲Իþߣ֮Ҳڷ縮ΪҲ֮ 
ںҲΪȣںߣزԻԸ״᪲Ի˺һգ 
֮ͷʹǿ֮⣬ЮĿȡĿʹǸɣҲ 
֮ѭвڶвʹ䲡δߣʿɺ 
ѡ̫̫֮θУɣʸʹɸɣ֮ڷΣϵ౾ 
ʿɶʣ֮ѭڸΣʷܲӪ 
У಻ͨӡ䲻ںߣվ˥ͷʹ˥þ 
˥΢ţʮ̫˥ʣ˼ʳʮһ˥ֹѶ磻ʮ 
˥ݣٸ΢£ȥӡԻ֮κΣ᪲Ի֮ͨ˥ӡ 
δߣɺѣߣйѡֵԻȲʱߣҲ᪲Ի 
ǿʳ֮ҲߣԲ˥أಫϣҲԻ 
ƣκΣ᪲ԻʵӣʹӡԻòȵν֮᪲Իòʳ 
򸴣ʳţҲֵԻ䲡ںߣӦ䲡κ磿᪲Իںߣһ 
㲡ͷʹڸɶ̫㲡ȣʳԣ 
㲡ʡˮ룬֪ˣԻˣͨӪУ 
֮Ҳ᪲Իʮ֮ҲѪʢʲ֪ˣգ˾ 
ӡ 
֡÷˺ߣΪ£Ϊ뺹Գֹ 
ڱνܺаΪػȡʱΪ 
˺䲡ڣ÷Ϊ²䲡ڶ⡣۳ƪĩ˺һۼ²⣬ 
ۣ˺Ω֤˺²޶£ʱ¼֮Ϊ֤ʱ־ϲ֮ 
ְ÷˺ȣԱ֮գ߿ɺúգ߿йʲ 
ߣһһһһͬʱ㲡Ѹ٣֣ƱӪͨӡ 
ƪۣ̫֮ߣڲһΣ²֮У˽ڿԻ֤ 
ְʳһڣ۲ʳ²˺ͬ 
ְþԶںز£ָа߶ԡԷ˺۶ģзаɷ 
Ϊ²Ҳǰʱͬ䲡ԻԻͬ䲡Ҳаͬʱ 
аߣаȣ⣬а溹ȥູʺߵֹ֮ʱȣ 
заڶйࡣ亹֮Ҳа졣ֹ֮а֮ 
ӡطֱֹ֮Ҳ 
ƪԻøȲߣСȻƣʹԣȡԼвʹ꣬ðԡ 
Ҵ󺹣ͷʹԱԱͷҲ 
ڱøβйСҲʹԣβƢҲߣΪ 
Ҳ 
Լ־ҲвʹҲ꣬ðԣ磬ĩʷҲ 
ľ֮գʲľ֮գʺߣν˳֮Ҳľ֮գ 
̣࣬к中·Ҳͷʹ֮ʡͨ⣩ 
֮´ˣ 
ȲߣȲ֣ȡʹŻͷʹ࣬޺ɹ󺹣 
ɹ̫ 
ڱΪϲĲȲֶȡʹʷơŻβ 
ľͬаϣŻҲͷʹҲ࣬ԽҲΪҺҺɣ޺Ҳ 
Ի֮ڸΡľ𣬻𣬽ˮˮľഫ 
ϢҲаѪ֮У֮򲡷䷢Ҳע޶Ѿԡ 
֮֪ξ֮ҲپۡûѾּ֮ھ 
֮иΣġƢΡɼаһ֮ӡ֤Ѿپ֮ԣ 
᪡Խˡپ֮һУɼӡ 
ƢȲߣͷأʹģ࣬Żȡʹøйʹ 
켺󺹣̫ 
ڱʪ֮ҲƢͷҲΪ 
ľΪʤľҲࡢŻʹľҲƢע¹ʷġʹø 
ƢθؽҲйƢҲ 
ȲߣȻʣë纮ϻƣȡ򴭿ȣʹ߱ôϢͷʹ 
󺹣̫Ѫ󶹣ѡ 
ڱ÷Ƥëȶ纮ʪ̦ơȣа˷Ҳβ 
ʹ̫ϢҲͷʹߣ ϳҲڣйҲ 
Ȳߣʹ ᣬȡʹǿ ᣬȣԣʹԱ 
ԱȻ켺ɹ󺹣켺̫ 
ڱΪ֮Ἱڶ֮ǿѨ ڣ̫֮¹ ڡ 
 Ҳߣ˸ҺҲҺҺ˶ʿʶˮԾҲ̫֮ 
ԣ֮ʹǿҲ ȼΪҲСָ֮бģ 
Ҳԣв֮ҲԱԱߣһ֮״ 
ְھȲΩΡڣһ㣬֮ɼȲΩΡΪҪҲ 
ȲߣȳࣻȲߣȳࣻƢȲߣȳࣻȲߣҼȳࣻȲߣȳ 
δɫߴ֮Իδ 
Իô˸аδȼɫ֮ɱҲաաǣҼաãǸΡġƢ 
֮Ӧ֮λҲδɫȼɼаѪ֮УѪж 
֪а֮ʼ̶й֮ʹаɱᡣѾơ侭֮ڶȡ֮ߣΪ 
δҲҩ֮ӡ 
Ȳ֮ˮ˴֮غֹ֮֮ 
Ի÷֮аȴڷʱˮȣȻ֮йԺӴ 
Ժȳֹ 
Իý˲ھһͬ˺Ũ±߲١Ȼ 
нڣͣŻȻָˮͶһǰ 
ǮһǮʪʮֺ䡣˼νѽ˺Ҳ಻ɲ֪ 
࣬࣬޺󻼡 
ڱԺһ֮²⣬аߣ˹δҲ 
̫֮ɫȧǣȲҲδԻҵúʱѡߣڲգ 
 
Իôа֤֮ҲȲƪ֮Уͬ졣ͬʱа㲡 
ȷа߿ͬڲҲ̫֮ߣνа̫ 
һվ֮ͷʹǿҲɫȧߣν֮ɫȧҲȧ߹֮ 
֮аѶʳɫѭѪȧҲδҵúʱߣ̫Ϊ̫ 
֮аӪз֮аδཻʹúȽаνδտɺ֮Ҳڷ 
֮а󷢣ʱѣȲɹյô󺹶ҲƼɫߴ֮δҲ 
֤νаڷƱ̫а϶ɽ⣬ʱ֮вڸ 
Ҳвھشθշа࣬ԪȾڲҲ 
֮ɫټǰȲҲδԻҵúʱѡߣڲա 
ԻԸȲߣȳࡣΪΪҲа 
֮ɫڼǰ֮аδཻʹúԽаڷ֮ȣɴʱѡ 
֤ȣаƱؽѽ⣻ڲҲ֮аȺϣ 
пɽȣҪδһ䡣Ĳ༴ѽ֮Ҳֻ̫֤ 
̫ϲߣ֮ùк̫֮ͬаº϶޳· 
Ҳ 
ȲƪơõԻвߣȣ꼲Ϊ˥ԲʳΪΣ᪲Իò 
Ҳ 
Իཻ֮ϡа֮аڷ֮ȣϲ֣Ԫ 
ӣԻཻ֮Ҳ¹Ȼ֮ 
ԳߣڹȣھаڹúߣаȴʤҲʤʳ 
ȡаҲ߾Ҳ񺹳ߡаʤҲʳߣҲߣ 
ٿҲҷԻúʢ뺹Ӧ˲ʤ䲡Ҳӡʧ 
־ʧ־һҲ 
ԻúڹȣھߣνɱԪˮҺΪа溹йаȴ 
ʤҲ񺹳ȶʳаʤҲ䲡ȥٿӡʧ־һҲ 
ȶҲ뺹ӦҲ֤һ֤Ҳ 
ƪԻ֮ľȻӹĲΪľҲ 
ԻθҲθҲľߡľҲԻƣҲ᪲Ի 
⣬Ѫʢа֮ȣ𡣵Ի˺Ҳ᪲Ի򴭶ˡԻ 
û򴭶ߣ򴭶ߣҲ᪲Ի 
ԻηľˣľҲپν񺮷Ҳаθ棬 
߰ Ҳаڽᣬѭ֫棬֫ƢθҲ 
а 
Իò¶ߣǸ߶裬ʳգԫݣ֮ԷҲߺ 
Ҳ᪲Ի֫ߣ֮Ҳʢ֫ʵʵܵǸҲԻ¶ߺҲ᪲Իʢ 
ҲԻߣҲ᪲Իʢʹ 
ʳʳҲ 
Ի֫ƢθθΪอ֮֫Ϊ֮Ҳаʢθʵ 
֫ܵǸҲʢҲаθаʵʳ֫ 
Ҳ˴֤֮аػ֮а࣬سϸپơ 
֤·ӡ 
Ի²Ͷҩд˺򡣾֤пð׻ߡϸ֮аʹȻ 
֤ʵ֮ 
δɸҲаնϸ ɬ֤⣬λ˲ҩ 
ߣΪҲ 
ƪԻõԻȲʱߣҲ᪲Իߣǿʳ֮Ҳ 
Բ˥أಫϣҲԻƣκΣ᪲Իʵ 
ӣʹӡԻòȵν֮᪲Իòʳ򸴣ʳţҲ 
ڱôаδùʳ϶㡣ʳ򸴣ʳţʲ 
ڸֻ嵭ϡ࣬ΪҲ 
Ҫƪ᪲Իò 
ڱþԲھߣ¡򷲲ߣ֪ʹδ͸а֮ 
編̿ء߶аڧȺԣһԭӡ 
ƪ᪲ԻȲѳʢ꣬һҲ 
ڱȲתʢ꣬ааʼ¶аأԻҲ 
ȲƪԻȲգھӭߣȡ֮ʮẈ̂кȶ亹ʵԲ 
䲻ߡ 
ͨԻӭ꣬аϽҲȡ֮йа֮ͨʢ˥кð 
λԻʵк֮࣬Բ֮㣬Ի䲻ҲȲδвߣʵԲ 
㣬һʵ֮Խ١ 
ԾߣҲɴ߼ȡ֮йνߣҲȲա 
ڶߣ֮Գǳִָ䡣Ȳագ΢СѪиɣһ 
հһȲѵú꣬Ҹȣ̷ 
ڱɴ̣ȡ֮аӺй⡣㾲֤ 
̡ڶߣڷҲִָ֮Ѩ·֮ȱԿйӡа˸Ѫ 
ѪҺ˸ڸɣ½΢СΩԣӣѵú 
꣬ҸȣȲΪ˥ԴҾӣ 
ȲɴоšһԻȧ࣬ԻйԻĿȲ 
ԻӤȶԻŻѪԻ౾ãȲԻȶ 
 
ԻԻȶۡ  Ҳ˾ߣɴҲ 
ڱȧܣѽ߶֤֮йѶаȲΪ˥ 
ƣĿҲѶȣй׶ι޳· 
޺ŻѪ磬½Һ׹̣Ϊ౾ãϽᣬθȳ߲ 
ͬöԲѣΪ򡣺㣬ǷжԴҲаϣ޺а 
йּ滯Դ֮Ի֮״аҲȶ¼۵֤а 
ҲΪа˸ 
ͨԻô˽Ȳ֮Խ̣֮ΪࡣȻ̹̲ɣпҩߣ 
̷йͨа֮ս٣Դ̷̣֮ҩ֮Ҳ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>עѾ
ԣѾʮԻ˺мбȻ˺з磬˺ʪ£Ȳ² 
ͬ 
ϪԻ˺ߣͳҲߣ˺֤֮Ҳ 
ڱз˺پ֤֮ҲǸжҲа·ߣԻ 
£ȶ 
ߣԻȲ˼֮ҲʪаߣԻʪ¡ʱ没ܺһ 
ʽν֮˺ 
ְ಻֮ͬΪͬҲ˺ơ̫ȶߣԻз硣̫ 
ѷȣδȣض񺮣ʹŻ棬ߣԻ˺̫ؽʹϸ 
ߣΪʪԡ̫ߣ Ҳ˺񺮣ȶҲ̫ȶʣߣΪ² 
ֲ֮࣬м֤֮ͬҲǰǸкߣǺڣЮ 
ߣپϤ˺Уɼ֤ںν֮˺Ҳ 
з֮妶˺֮ʢɬʪ֮妶СȲ֮ 
㸡֮֮ɢɬ²֮֪ξ֮Ҳ侭ڶȡ֮ 
ڱԡΪΪΪΪΪΪʹ˽ۣԳߴ 
ΪǡΪааɬʪΪа妶ȲΪа 
ʸɬȲа֮ѻȶߣδ֮ǰԻ²а 
˾֮Ю¸֮а䷢ҲɷθȲ 
飬аܽа֮·磬洦ɷָ 
ξ̶ܿҲ 
ְ÷֮澭ɷѵѴ塣ʯ 
νа֮½֥νȲطƽԷθΪаط֮ءֿļԭΪ 
߷аֻۣ֮²֮һˣԸ²֮ȫ塣ͨ²棬 
νߣʼϽ̫ʱ·ָ֤֮Ϊ֮˴˻֣䱳 
Ϊѧ˵˽ھģϤĲξȷ֪²֮澭ɶ֤ʱʼ֪Ƽ֮ 
Ҳ 
˺к֮ߣк֮ߣҲȻʢ֮ 
ʢ飬֮ 
ϱ̨ҪνñΪʢаڱ˷֮а﷥޹ 
ﲡΪʢ飬а˼£֮˺ʢ飬֮ 
֮ʢ֮֮֮ġ֮һ˵޼עа븭Ϊ 
ʢ飻а˱飬ӪΪʢ̨ҪӼ˺ֱ񣬾ԲΪʢΪ顣 
ȣΪʢ飻㺮ΪʢΩ䧼Ժа⣻Ϊʢɺа 
ڳ㣬Ϊʢ¡˵ΪޱסΪʵΪ֮˵ͣﲡ֮˵ʵ 
֣δҲ 
ڱúаܣδȣʢ˼֮˺Է亹 
аӡδ븭ȣ֮˶аݣӡаöȣҺ˸ʢ 
飬˼֮²Ҳ 
ʢԾ£亹˸֤֮ܲʼа 
˺ΪҲ˽㣬˺²⣬ǰֱۣ֮֮ܲݡ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>עپ֤θ
ԣ˺ƽƪʦԻ÷֮֮֮ڣзз֮΢ 
ߣʹˣǺҲơʵʹ 
ڱаڶ˼΢аа֮Ȳѭϸ 
Ϊʹ֮ѭҲ˺ʹ֮༴塣ȾãҺܣ 
ʲʹҲ 
ְôΪаڷ֤֮ 
Իùپз硢˺ȵȲѾͬΩѾ²֮֪ξ֮ 
Ҳ²ɷаѪУ䷢Ҳ֪Ӻξ䷢޶һָ֮Ҳ 
پֽԱа֮΢֪аδ澭£صʹ֤ 
Ѿ෢ҲаƴʢϹϣ֤䣬֤ڳ޶ 
ѾҲǹ֮֮аж֤ߣĲͬӡ 
΢ϸҲգʹߣ 
ʲߣ۹ 
Ի÷纮ʹߣپðɢ¿й֮ӡڷѭƶʹ 
䲻¿й಻ҩԶ֮ƣרøʲݸʻ֮Ʒак 
粻Ҳӽ۹ͨʹֹӡ˺Ա̫² 
̫Ҳ 
Ի÷Ϊڶ֮⣬ֹһ֤Ҳʱ֮зöߣɲ֪Ҳ 
ʹķߣ֮ 
·Իò䷢ʵΪ֤ʹķа֮⣬м䣬޴ 
ַǺ֮ˣ֮ú¿Ƥ֮ͬ΢ø¾ 
ͬɢа֮⡣ȶ֮˼ӡ 
֮ϣзԣ֮ 
Ի÷аδҺѰġ֮ϣδʹ֤ķԣ 
֪ҺģˡȣԽʵҲ 
ڱ봫аϣΪаҲ 
գȶŻʣķߣ֮ 
Իգȴݣ͸ڷ 
ȶŻ򷳿ʲߣķν֮ͨҲˮȥˮ 
кֹӡ 
֮գʸߣ֮˴ 
·Ի÷֮˺֤֮ͬòŶգʸɣ 
ʼ£ؿΪӡ˼£Ծˮ֮Ҳ֤һаһаת 
θһȷԿ̲ݻ֤֮ʵ֮ˮͬԴɡ 
ڱôаɡϵаʼ𣬾ֹգӴӦ 
ʼʸҲ 
̫ȶʣߣΪ² 
Ի²ˣ֪Ȳˡ򲻿ʶߣȲӡȲж֤֮ߣ 
з纮Ҳ 
ҢԻô䲻Ժ߲֮ظҲ 
Ի²֮޶֮Ϊ̫азͷʹ̫֮Ҳ񺮣 
¸֮а֪ȴڷʿʣپ˴Ϊ̫˺˷֤֮رνǷڷ֮²Ҳ 
²ߣڣʹΪ֮²ӡ 
Իлƣ²Ͻƪ˺ơ̫ȣ񺮶ߣԻ² 
֦֮ 
˺ۣȴδʹپҮ൱ϵǣȲɲΪ֮ν 
Ҳϳƣپ֤ҩù֦ʾ΢ڲ֮⡣ƣ֮ 
˵پ֮¡ͨν˺Ȧӣ֪УֲΪ£ԭģHT Ϊʥѵ 
ԾʥҲ 
ѣߣԻ¡Ϊ㸡Ժض˯Ϣѳ 
ߣС㲻ֱʧѡߣ΢ɫ羪,ʱ Ѭ֮һգ 
ڡ 
Ի̫֮аѣӡаȣ亹 
аƣȣη硣ĵаԻ¡ΪҲ⸡а磬 
㸡ҺйԺֹ裬ض˯ڷ綯ϣʱѳ 
заɼӡߣνδ󺹣ΪҲ󱻻ߣ΢ӪѪƣ 
 Ҳаˮݣʸɿ£ѷ̫飬 
֮С㲻ֱʧѣӡδ¶ߣȣѬƣ 
а羪η ԻҲֻѬ֮һпչӣȺ¶֮ 
ӡ 
֦󺹳󣬴󷳿ʲ⣬ߣ 
˲֮ 
ڱù֦ηаߣ֮õ΢⡣аڶù֦ 
аҺʴ󺹴ʣת԰׻йȽⷳҺ٣ʼ˲Ծ֮Ҳ 
̫ϲߣŻߣ˼Ӱ֮ 
·Իû²֦֮Ի׹֦ȥҲǹ֦ڱ纮 
ɢˣȥ֮ 
Ի̫ٶβöҩԷ˺Ҳ֪˺Բ񺮶ȣν 
֮˺Ҳ̫ٶԻвͷʹڿԶ֤Ҳϵ˺ϲӦ֤ 
ޱ֤˺ЭԴ֮ҲаѾãߣ 
һʱй⣬߶Ȼ֮Ҳ 
ԻľЮ𱻲Żϳ壬ȣαʼ۶Żġר 
᣻ȳ㣬㡣 
ϲϹϣ˯Ŀ򺹡 
Ի²ϲаʵ֪ҲаѴ󣬽ڴ⣬ 
ڹϣԻϹҲȻλ֮Դδ壬Լ֤֤Ҳ̫ 
󣬶 
λϲ 
ڱôȲߣĿ򺹣Ȳ֮󺹲ֹҲ 
԰Իô뷢֮£һΪ˲Ϊ¡ 
ôηٴðٺһǮ֪ĸָۡǮǮ˸ʲһǮ 
ҶʮƬ 
Իűߣƽ޺ȣǽ۷ʱŻ׻ӹ֦֮ 
׾ԻôھűĲͬھ򣬴֤Ҳűű޺ȣŻ 
ͬűߣȣӸðΪ֤֮Ե飬ʲҲű 
аڷĶΪ֤֮öȣ಻ҲƽߣУ 
ƽʱҲǽ۷ʱŻߣȴ֮ϣϲҲ׻ʺȣ֦ 
֮ 
Իνپű߶ȣһԻ߷緢ɼȲѣҺ 
磬ľθ˷ǿͽ֮ҩʳϢֹȣ֭Ὤֹ֮࣬ 
ھڣԸʺּ֮Ҳ 
˺Իڿ࣬Ⱥ񺮷ȣء꣬ 
㴣룬跳꣬ߡ 
֮θп飬° ̦ߣ֮ȣˮС㲻ߣ 
֮ 
Իø˺ҲΪȲ䷢ģ񺮷ҲֺԶʱʪ 
аθҸֽ֤ҲȻڿ֤࣬Ү֪Ϊӳ֮; 
֮أ֤ҲȲΪаʢҲ֪ߣ 
֮Һ룬Ѫ£֮θаݣ 
ã˽£Ծ̦֮ߣаڣӽȣȥаΪϷ 
ˮڸ֪а˽Һ԰׻ȣ˲ߣԪҲȥڣˮ 
С㲻ףȳҲ˺֮С㲻֣Ȳ֮С㲻Ѫ 
аҺվãʱ԰ѪʯȡȡڰҲ 
ҢԻδ֮ʱǰ׻Ρ 
ߣԺθСҲ 
ԻÿʶС㲻ȻҲ˺븭ͬ⡣а 
ѽ򣬺࣬ҺҺΣ¶Ү԰׻˲ȥȣС֮ߣضӡ 
ϲأת࣬ڲʶ湸 
硣֮䡣Ժߣ׻֮ʿ۰÷ 
һ֡ 
Իôаȸأ¸أתࡣڲߣ֪ζҲθѬ 
湸Ҳ硣δΣԺߣ԰׻ʿ۰ٴƣ˼Ӱ 
ϣ˵װķν亹֮Ժʿ۰ƣԺ䣬ľ 
亹ʿ۰ð׻˲ɾҲ֮ߣǾҲ 
䣬νڣǰ׻Ҳ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>עپ֤θ
ԣڱþƣ˺ߣΪ£Ϊݴˣ֮£֮ 
ǷΪҲΩʱз֮ажߣͬʵ졣ʱ֮а 
ж졣پھ֮룬˺УԻ ˺Ѿ 
˺֮νʱΪ²ıΪȲ飬ԷߣΪȲ 
жߣԻԴ֮а֮Ȳ룬پ֮ ǣ档ν аר 
ָԣΪаʪȶԡⲻ֪뺮ԴԻԻ ԻȣΪ 
ʪҲʪȲ֮ѾԻʪ£ΪνؼʪĿ֮ 
꣬ƫʢʪѱصáʪ֮ɼ࣬ʪ޶λʱʪʪ޲ɼ棻Ωļ֮ 
ΪʢʪںʪȻִգΪʪִΪͬɺ϶Ϊ 
νԭʪҲ޳Ͽϰ룬پУΪעǰ 
ʪ¸ֱעں󣻶֮Իñȣʪ¡üĿ߲ơ 
̫ߣ Ҳ񺮣ȶʣ׻˲֮ 
Իöºˣкˣȡ֮ȣԻУΪ 
Ȳ֮Ȳͬͬð׻ߣڽȣĸӾ㲡֮ 
죬ҪԲһ֮֮УΪҲ಻֮ʣ֮ 
ʣΪҲ˲ΰ׻ߣʯ๦רΣ˽֮Ϊ֪ĸܾͷкˮ֮Դ 
˲Һ֮Ϊøʲݡײ̽ΪҲ 
ϪԻ÷֮޲ߡ񺮺ΪȼΣӡ 
˺˱ȣк׻֮ 
Իȣкϵд֮󡣷׻Ȳ֮ҩԴ󺮣к 
߿ɷ֮걾ҼΪҲ⣬ 
Ϊ֤֮˱кҲƪСߣҲ֪˱ 
Ϊ֪¸֮ 
ڱô˽ھģͨԺаֽ⣻κ֮ͥ⣻ҢԺΪ ֮ 
֦˵ν̵ֵֽ⡣ңϵΪ֮˵Ω֮˵Աֻף 
Խ 
˺ߣҲ׻֮ 
·ԻûҲΪʡ㣬ⷴ棬дצ׾ߣ 
׻Ҳ 
˺޴ȣķ΢ߣ׻˲֮ 
żԻð׻η֮ؼ֤δߣá΢񺮣ʱʱ磬Ա֤Ҳ 
䷳ǰ׻ˣ֮ 
ҢԻñ֤ӪѪ֮ˮ֮ķ ڳ㣬 
׻֤Ω ˺θ±΢񺮣ʼ˲βкͶߣ 
飬˲븽ͬã֮Ҳ 
׸Իñ΢ߣ񺮲Ҳȼʣ׻˲Σ塣񺮶ߣ 
Ҳ֮к˿Ҳ 
˺޺ߣ׻ˮޱ֤ߣ׻˲֮ 
ҢԻô˳ϽڣԷʡ񺮣̵ð׻Ӳ 
ӣ ⣬˷纮񺮷к޺ϣ֤֮ⲻ⣬Զ˷֮ 
Ҳ 
˺º߰ղ⣬Ƚȣʱʱ磬ʣϸˮ 
׻˲֮ 
·Իô֤ǰأð׻ӲҮΩȽԱȲаڷ 
ʣˮֹ˰òΪҲ 
ԻҸɣν֮ҺҲȻ²̦֮ԲҺʦѶӡ 
̫ ߣأ΢ˮˮƤҲһϵ֮ 
ʸʿԻƣʢ֮˺ȣ֮Ǻζʢ 
Σ顣ߣ䷢ȶԶ񺮣Ȳ֮ϲҲ 
Ի·ȶ񺮣ͷʹ֫ʹأʢߣȲҲԺ񺮣ȶʣ 
΢ߣҲ 
ôע֮Ȳ֮аھν֮ߣ֮ȲԻ  
֮⣬к΢֮΢ ΩΪʪ򡣺أڿȳѼƵ 
ʺҺӡ 
·Իô֮ ֤֮Ҳν֮˷Σð׻˲Ծ֮ 
֮ʪ˷Σùϵ֮Ҳ 
̫ ߣȶ񺮣ضʹϸҳ١СѣȻëʣ䣬Сͣ 
ڿǰ룬֮ 
Իòڱߣߣ㲡Ҳȶ񺮣ʹߣ Ҳϸҳ 
ߣҲСȻëʣߣ̫ҲСͣߣνͶ 
ҲڿǰߣҲھơ򴭺ȡڿνҲȲֹǰ 
ȥа飬ʶڹʷ֮Գ 
 
üǰһˣΪȳ֮ض񺮣Ͷߡ޽ 
ؽԫ֮ԣ˲١ 
ְùۺδȴ֮ãѲԶӡϡð׻˲ 
ϲ 
ҢԻôԾؿ ߡ 

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<ƪ>עپʪ֤θ
ԣ̫ؽʹϸߣʪԡС㲻㷴죬С㡣 
ҢԻ˺ͷʹθʵԺ 
纮ȣС㲻ʪݺа޶ӡѧ˵ڴ˵ȴʵġ 
ʪ֮ΪһۣȣɫѬơ 
֮߳ԻôʪΪܸ֮ҲǰʪڹؽڶۣԻԡһ۶ȣʳν֮ھ 
Ѭӻƣͬʪȣʤ߻ƶʪʤ߻ƶޣɢѬΪƣ 
ǼʪʤδУС֮ôβߣȣʪ£ 
ҢԻõϪơȻʪ򷢻Ҳ 
ԻʪȷƣԻǱپʮΪڡй㣬㣬Ů 
㣬Ƶƺ亹硢֮ƣ渡סܲ͡;֮ƣ־㡢ܿš 
й֮ƣľƢθ˲СܶɫԽ֮ƣ뱩ͬɸĿΪʪȲ 
ʪң˵ͷǿñ֮ܣС㲻̦ߣԵȣ 
кˮﷳҲ 
Իк̵ֽ֣֮⡣̵̦ҺΪ̵裬ʿﷳ̵ 
ˮ֮ᣬʶҲ 
ԻúʪڱͨԽͷǿñҲҩͨ 
ùҩʪ˷֣֮ӡϽ֮½֮С㲻 
֮¶Ϊ 
Ҳ̦ߣθȣϽҺ̦֮״ʵ̦Ҳº£ʪϣ 
ȶˮкﷳҺ˾۶ 
ʪ֮Ϻ΢Сֹߣ 
Իʪڱ˺С㡣ʪ̻ʵδ·΢ 
УСֹߡһС㲻νϸ¼Ҳ 
ͨ 
Իʯƣɴ֮΢С㲻δѶ֮ҲС 
޶΢Խ֮Ҳпʵֹ֮޴ 
֮С㷴գϺν֮ءơùظͨͷ޺߿ɻк 
Ի÷ʪಫһʹ⡣ֵ겻ֹҽƴ˿ɷ֮ߣҲ 
Ի÷亹ߣȥʪڣǹʲҲηʪߡ亹΢΢ߣʪ 
ȥҲ 
лơù˼нڶˣκν˶亹ұҮ˺۹֦ע 
ԻΡ 
ʪҲʹȣƶͷαʳк޲ͷкʪʱ 
ҩ 
Իôν¶аҲͷ֮ͷкʪ 
ȡοڱǣƤëаӱ룬ʪƣ򴭣ͷʹ 
½ʪ¶֮ϸߣĲͬҲͨθͨʣаڷΣ 
θʸ޲ʳͷкʪʱй֮ҩɱУ֮ҩùŷϵɢ 
ǳˮʹͨʪаˮӱг 
˺طƣС֮ 
Իñаδ⣬ʪ򷢻ơƽඹʪȡаھ磬ʴ 
֮ 
Իʪȷƣз纮ߣñ޸Ч԰Ի޸֮ƣ 
ǡ 
˺ƷߣӰƤ֮ 
Իôδʵ֤֮ƣδʵʷȶӳϣƤ£ 
δʵøʲԺ֮ 
ҢԻٰˮʪ֮Ҳ̷СΪ֪С˷֮ 
Ω纮ٰ֮ΪС֮ʪ֮еС䣬ӡ 
˺߰գɫС㲻΢ߣ֮ 
ԻôȽ֤֮ҲɫߣɫƶΪȻҲƣɫƶӡȽ 
С㲻ͨΪҲ 
ȺΪԽܷҲͷ޺С㲻ˮߣΪ 
طơ֮ 
ԻԽ溹ԽҲԽаɢܷƣͷȲ 
С㲻Ȳйöֿˮ֮߷㣬ʪ֮ѡʪȺϣ 
ΪӡຮͨйʹСҲ 
ϳɫɹ֮֮طɫƣС㲻Ҳ 
ҢԻô˺а֮ʪ֤ҲСȴ񺮣ٰ֤Ӹ΢ 
֤ 
ԻߣھҲԺ⡣֮中ȷߣˮ֮ 
С㲻Ҳ 
޺С㲻а ߣطơ 
Իôδ£޺С㲻аȱս޳·θˮҺطӡ 
𣬶΢С㲻ߣطơ 
Իʪ֮ͣа㣬Һϱ΢֮С㣬ɵӡ÷ 
֮䣬 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>߸
ԣ˺أң˺һʱÿΪʱȾãࡣԴ 
öҲ࣬β䵱Ҳߣ֤Ҳԭ֮£һΣ֮ 
޽ͬĳҲʥ־ţһ϶΢ɡϹʥˣɫӪ֮ 
ѱδ䣬Ƭѱϡ 
ڱôָʴƪ̫֮ɫȧһڡ 
йʥˣר۹ʢ˥Ƭѱϡ 
ڱôָȲƪȲΪ˥һڡ 
پ弾ʥҲۣ֮γ԰֮ȺϷʣӡ 
ڱôָ˺УΪһڣС㲻ֱʧҲ 
پ˺У֮ɭɭأ˰׻Ҳѧ˹壬ɱ䷨ 
˲ϸִΪ˺֮˼ 
֮ڶ֮ʥ˶ȡ 
ڱõôѣӦʯͷ 
Խɹ⣬ªѡ֮£ðͷϸ۹ζӸӣϾ 
ɢөө衣ҩͶԻû˭ 
ڱô˱صʱкУô˵ЧഫҲ 
پ飬ν̫ȶʣߣΪ²Ż飬νȶ񺮣ͷʹΪ² 
ʥѵӡ巽ި֪ĸ𽻳㣬ݡ 
ʥɢøӣնڻʱЧ֪䷽ðܶɢԶҩȻʹѼ 
 
ڱðܶɢͨʱð֮ԷȲҩҲ 
ν˺Ϊ²ˣ˺Ҳ᪣˺Ϊ²ָ 
֮Ϊپ֮ԡνپƣظΪ²νپƣΪ²Ϊ¶ 
ʥ֮ڷߣγдһҮ 
ڱҲ֮²Ϊ˺֤ 
Դ˵Զ 
ϲԴнɢһĦģɢո֮޼«衢ϵɢ֮ 
塢սδߣ֮θ֮ʹӰ׫΢ԣһԺͽΪΪ鱦 
ꡣӶӣääμ˼ѵںͽ⣬갳䵱ȫʢĪ⣬ 
ӡ 
ڱϽ˺η֮ȣ١ 
Ϫȣҩ֮ܽɢȻ֪ƼҲԫУˣ 
˴ھ¡¶壬Լ̣̾ҩδ˿˿Ҳ 
ڱõϪԫۣһ϶΢Ȳ֮ηδܴԴͷҲ 
Ӽ˺ֱȲÿ̸Ȼ˺У۹񣬲мɳ죡 
ڱηپԺһ˵žӼʼйа֮پ˰׻֮ΣȺ 
ͬϧаδ֤仯Ҳ 
˺棬νֱپ֮ã 
档ϧȣμ溮ȣΪڡ 
ڱȣп֮ףں 
ൺȣ躮ǧӯͥϣȺ֧ᣬѺںͥ ڽң 
ɲ壬ϡȻң˸ʥҮ 
ڱȲ 
֤ʪ ֮ҲšԫԶö֮Ϊð׻ 
֮Ϊô˳֪ԶΩʳⷿ 
̫ߣҩã֮ζΪ֮ͨҩƲŷȫ飬̣ȷ 
ĥСãڴ£Ͽ ǧҲ 
ڱʱ²з֮֮ͬȲȻھơ÷˺ߣ 
Ϊ£Ϊ֮Ҳپ±֮죬 
 ֮Աڷ֮ȿĶΪӡűͽ ±棬ڷ 
һȫδ᱾ĩۣŷӳö棬ֻۣ֮ 
֮²֮Уη⣻۱з԰׻Ϊηͬ 
Ҳ 
ơʱ֮Ϊߡ֮ؾȾͬߣڱ֮ʬǻ 
·֮죬˲ͬϴ һߣʥǼ 
˶ͽ󼰿ݹҲ֮δжϽⶾнŽⶾ½ 
£ⶾٹӪͨ׷ΣʹǱ̰δ֮ʱ˹̲֮ۡȻ䷴壬ֱ 
̬ߣֿ֮ԣ޸ݰҲ 
ڱ߲߲иֲͬԣ֮ƫʤΪߣѰ߲֮Ҳ 
б֮ػƣϦҽҩ˷ǳ߲֮ҲֿۣѰ߲֮ 
ǰ˳ۣ֮ߣ˹Ϊе۲η仯ٳǰδ 
֮Ȳࣻ¾֤θÿȡֿ֮ɵգڷ֤δܷ 
ָΪ߲ߣิ١ùΣаÿҲ 

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<ƪ>իҽԷаƪ
ԣڱ÷а֮ǰδԽիҽʮ 
ƪͻȻŷа֮һʼȻ¡ϧ׫аƪھپ֮ģ 
ֿļԭۣ֮νаͬᡣⲻ֪֮аӿڱܣʪ֮а 
ļԭΪȡƦơŻ֤֮аӾϮϮ߷纮֮аΪȡ 
֮򡣲ԭ֤߽Ȼͬϲϸ𣬶аУÿÿļԭ֮˵ǣ죬ѧת 
֮ؽȡϷаƪԭģΪ֮¶߻Ŀˬģڷааǣ졣ڱǺ 
ǰ˱ҲԲڣ֮䣬мٽ 
аߣļԭ֮䣬ִΪ֤ʼòѼǣƻΪݡ 
ԭעͤԻСݶаڱ޹ɫǣаУ֮Ҳ 
ڱ֮аӿڱߣɷθļԭΪ֮аƤë 
Ϯߣ̫Ϊ䲡Դ֤Ȼ;ֿ 
Դ֮аνļԭǽаΪһԲе 
 
֤ѳ룬£񺮣ȣȲ򺹳Ȳˣ 
űͷʹʻ򲻿ʣк޺򺹲¡ 
ڱ÷ȣÿйǽڷۣǿʹ֮ 
֤裬Ϊ̫Ͻ֮ҲͷʹΪ֤ǿ뷢Ҳа 
ȶߣ̵ˬҲ²úȲ£䲻£ 
ͨаضԺ󲡱ؼأġ 
̦׻ƣһڣ򻬻ɬậ̦ɫϳࡣ 
ڱаθֿ̦аļԭʼ̦ۡаȣսأ̦ 
ɰ׶ƶҶڣսҲ»ȣвθߣɫ糣۲Һ֮ 
̦׻̦֮಻Ũ仼θθڶΪ̦Ҳ֤֮ 
ֱ𴦣ѧ˵ϸᡣ 
ػ磬ˮܽѪ 
ڱ÷ԴͨΪа֮·˺Ϊаߣ෴һҲ 
 
ʪ˾ʪ£ʹ쳣Ѹǣʪ֤ŲΡȻʪ޳λʪר֤ 
ηаΪͨʪ֮Ҳ 
ڱʪаʱ֮ʪ˾÷֮ʪʹвʪߣֱΡη֮ʪ 
аΪԷΪʪаа֮أ֤֣֮ԥɼҲ 
սԺ꺹񺹣߷ 
ڱñ֮ɰս⡣Уͨһ㣬³Խͷ 
©Ҳ 
򷢾̦̣ݽݣúѣٸϳ壬ҡͷ֫ 
̵ա 
ڱ֤ܼθ֮򣬵ֱʩΣδɻҲ 
ɽɬϸϲͻ 
ڱа֮һ󣬴䳣Ҳаϸߣ䣬ϸ 
ߣؼأҽɡ 
λϴԭӼӺΣȻ򺹻¡֤Ǽ֤֮ࣻ 
֮ࡣȺ£¶󺹡û򺹶ٺ¶£򵫺£² 
акʩΪ֤ʵǿѣ޼޽ 
κΪΡƺ˺θ 
ԭעͤԻü֣ഫݡ²ΪŮΪ治ֵһ 
ЦҲΪ֤С֮뷿Һɣ֤˺£аа֤֮ 
ǧ֮һ 
ڱ÷£аԭ֮ƷΩʪļԭ̦֮ 
ʩڷ֮˸񿰳ԡɽֿ֮аνǷ£ھѾ 
ڲʡ 
ٰηڱ֤֮֮ˡ֤η 
ϣȡ١Եϵ֤֮Ӷࣻ۲飬ֻ֮ԲԴ 
δʶ棬ʪ֮аӶߣ䡣ÿвȷ£ηϣ۽ 
аΪߣ˵֮±çҲ 
ζǼ˰ܶɢ⼡Сϴԭҩҽ׻֮ 
ࡣСθʳâɢϬǵػ 
ԭӴƣҽг䱴֮ࡣаϬǵػҽ֮ࡣʩ 
ϻҽ˲кʮζµ֮ࡣƺҽֶӹѿ֮ 
ࡣԣ֮ˡ 
ڱǳɢСѧ˹ԣԭܾβ亹оζǼܶ⼡ȷ 
ҽ²ȷˣѧΪҲ 
ƵھаอƪԻа֮Ҳ΢ȼɫ֪ޣ棻 
ΣĪ֪顣 
ƪԻðٲ֮ʼҲڷ꺮ѭë򸴻ֹ 
ͨԻöںز¡ 
Իаߣ磬Ҳ΢Ī֪飬ĪΡ 
ƪԻýȲߣ˺֮Ҳ 
ھƪаڷΪ²Ҳ 
ڱھ۷аҾӡνǣļԭ֮˵Ҳ 
ԪʹԻ˾֮²١֮ʣԶза֪ 
Ѿ²֮֪ξ֮˾за֪ʱߡа֮ 
 
Էʱ֮Ϊߣаж 
ʷǡţʱˮ£ȡ˷аȿ֤ 
ڱһԷʱ֮ΪߣνажǽааǣΪһ֮ 
 
Ҫԣٺϲش⣬а֮ࡣ 
˺ƽƪֱԷаΪ 
˺ԺڼΪ£ıΪԶںΪ²ھּ 
̫ƪ̫ȶʣ񺮣Ϊ²Ȳ񺮣аڱȣΪȻ 
ƪ֤аθ֮ͬ 
ƪ֮ʹƪ֮֤а֮ͬ 
ڱ˺ȾԺ֤η´ͬ䲻ͬߣڼڴ֮ʱǡ˺Ϊ 
Դ 
̫ƽزֲ˵²Ϥ޽֮ӣ֮ˣʳ֮ңӡ 
аҲԪʱ࣬ǲ֪һжֶ֮ͨ 
Ƽ͡ùб꼢ˣʽݺڡʼ죬ˣʱΪէʳ֮һ˱ 
ʳܷ纮заڶҲӼݣҩð׻ɢз 
Ҳ 
ԫԪʦϣܵа¡Χ֮󡣶֮һȲ߽಻ 
з纮ҮǷа¶ 
Ϫķ࣬˺ֱҪ֤ηаƣۻġ 
Ϫķߣһ㲡ǡ˲ɢ˽ôơˣȹ 
заҲ 
Լ֮ν֮ˣڶ֮ҲаҲԪʷҮɳô 
ʿ䲡ߣа֮Ҳ 
ڱϸۣϵ֤֮ÿǣаʵ֤רߣмаߣ 
֤Ρ֤ǣۣطа֤֮β壬֤ã޸ӡ 
䧼²Ȳ֮ʱڶ֮⡣ơȲ 
޴󺦣䲻ԣ֮ڴӡ 
ž߱˺෢ڴģش㣬Ȼú⡣Ѱٺϲ֮ͬڷ֮ 
аҲֿηаУԶںزΪǡǸǲ֪˶֮аа֮Ҳ 
΢ȼɫ֪ޣ棻磻νаɷҲ 
ǹ֮аԶӡ 
ڱ䧼ۣȷϵ۲ΪȷԷаǣϣϡžΪ 
߱˺νܽ⣬಻ȷԵ·δҲ 
ֿרߣ콫ʱ֮Ϊ£Ϊߣһν֮аֱ֮治壬ھ 
ں֮Ϊȷʶ裬ϣδⲻӡϼ֪Ϊа߳ 
ӡƪãԴԭΪǰìܣ⡣ 
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۵ζ߲ɡ֤֮壬˴󲡣մһ£ȫߣԵԲ 
ʼԷΪƵΣȫһʼ಻ҲȻ 
Ӵ˿֪ʱ֮Ȳɻ£ϲɹ飬תаҲִ֤׻ߣ 
ʼϸʵΩ֤ϸ죬֤ʵΩΡʵءʯƣйȣΪ 
֮Ρ زƣʼûһھҲգ 

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<ƪ>Ʒν𷢴濩Ѫŧ֤
ԣаɾߣ仯ȶߣθôȲ֮Ҳ֮ 
ϵڷΡаϵڷΣβаȣؿ˽౾Ϊа֮Ҳ 
θѬتаθ׼ڷΣΪӦСʱ̲ʢУнҺѬƳ̵ 
Ϸƽÿ̵ȣ̵ֵ 
ȶ̵ճȸ̵ΪΪҲ粻ͨвʹ̵ŧ 
ȺѪ޷ƽ¡ʱаһ͸֮ߣֻйθڷΣ 
߱ؼ漰θǷ֮ȣϤθѬζθ֮·壬Ǹ׳н֮Ҳŷ 
ӸʯԽ澡ȷεȷʯ࣬ϼڴҲέɳ֮࣬ز 
в߼Ⱥ߼Ѫ硣֮ҩ̵֮ƷȣΪ֢ɡִ֢ 
ʱҽߴĲ죬ΪѰУ÷ɢ̵࣬ö¡û䴭棬ζ顢 
ζأҺ̵ױϼӡʼʼϸϣͶ 
йνˣḴʹаȵ壬ȸɿȣӲ²ߣ 
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ԣаѬߣΪȡڿʵ֤ӪߣѪΪţÿÿѪɷ 
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¾ΩѪᣬаѪйɴ˶ΪѪᣬʢ 
޷Բ֢ʣжɡһضѪ磬֮ 
ҲһӪΪˣѪݽߣаҲаߣѪйаϬء١ 
̡é֮ѪߣѪȣء֡١Ԫ֮ࡣйΪ 
ԣѪ߼аʵ߼йʹѪֹ˶⣬˹Ϊ˳ֶ˵֢ÿмֹѪ 
Ѫֹ磬вʹڳϡȣΪĺȳ 
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Ҳ 
ڳθߣ軯ڿׯϸ΢֮ҩͨҲڷθѪ 
֮Уϴԣҩȷһʱɵֲͼֻͨ绯й֮ͼʲ 
֮Ϊϣѧ˷´֮筡Сέ 

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ߡ֮Ӫ͸а绯Ϊ͸룬ȽΪ͸Ȳ⣬ 
Ʊбˡ֤Сáһú𣬴ڷ֮Уʱ߶ 
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СӶ࣬䲡֮ߣһռ֤ɫޣ̵ƣӲֶת˲ 
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Ϊ֤Ӫйȱ֮ҩɢ֮⣬öͬñҶͬ򣬾ɡƤѪ 
зȣζɢ֮ϡӪԪˮΪ֢Ҫ֮ҩ 
η͸ߣӪУţ򡢲͸֮ŷΰ߶û׻Ϭ 
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÷Ʋϸ߶ӪУķΣ֮١֤ 
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ҩյֵôΡ֮鶯ϻ̦壬𸯡ǰ 
֭֮⣬ǰ֮һҹ룬СʼӲƽϰ羱硢 
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ʺãŧѪйȻ֮ѮԺʺ֮ͨãԴ 
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֪֤֮֮ȶѰСٻ飬زڴΣüʹʱ 
죬˲ΣϲȫһҲ 

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ԣ֮аʱ֮аҲҲ֮飬ʼ֮˴֮Ҳ 
ʼܹаȶ٣аÿа뻯ﲻ֢֮ʢ 
Ѽޡ֮򣬶֮аδȣߡʱۣ֮գ 
й֮ҩݻڷ֮а٣ܻרйа͡»н 
չת֮䣬Һɺԣаɱա֮һգӡ˵֢飬²УΪ 
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Ҳƶƴأ֦ư֣˲ΡţϥԪΡˡĵõζ롣 
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̣ȣתʪࡣÿβ編Ǩһ¶ߣ֮䷨ 
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޵֤ͶԿйθУһɡȻйߣθ֮ҲƢ̶֮ȣδҲ 
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־ȫ仺軯вɲһ棬淴ͨ²棬ԭҶϣнʪ 
¸дߡѦʪ棬ȡϸ֮еӦ֮Ҳ 

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<ƪ>Ҽ֤
ԣڲΪ˳˲Ϊ档Ǻ㣬 
޷ա֮ߣжһɺ飬ش֮ 
ӡ֮ӡһɺҩ粡Ͷҩ 
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Ҷߣа֮Юߡ˵֤ȫҪִʶϵаաǴ˵֤ 
࣬һ·ɿѭٲߣ뽫аﲡаа뱾꣬أ뻺뼱 
һһˣʩΡеȹ˱ԪһаԽɢߣеаصаˣ 
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֮ߣνӣ̲ʵҩпһСкȴӣЮ 
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ܾߡػȨ֮Ρѡҩ˱˴չˣȱֻҡĿͷɺ֮Ϊ 
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ʪȣءг·ʹϣҩ֡ʪаߣƽθ֮ 
ߣߡ֮࣬ͨйߣ糵ǰʯ֮ࣻ廯ߣˡ١֮ࣻ 
רʪа֮ʪȲϣΪʪ£֤ӡηӦ䣬з㻯ʪߣθ 
֮öͨߣʡʯ֮нأйߣʯ֮пй̫ 
ߣ¡֮֮ϸ֤ʪߣԵʪаߣԵԷаΪҲ 

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ÿͲ³ɻ֤ߡƽʱ֮ľͣа磬ذв 
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ȥа֮ҲƽʱѪ磬򲡶Ѫ֮а֮ᣬȸѪ࣬Ѫ 
ν̡ĺȣȣ֤֮Ϊ֮ߣ 
뵼ȥѪа£ƿתΣΪҲ̥ǰ²ߣаƣ̥֮ߣ 
໤̥⣬ηƷֻҪֿ죬岡ӭͷйа̥Ϊ÷ 
ÿڵ÷УԻ̥統ߣ޴󺦣ö֮аͽ棬 
֮ӡѪ飬ڣ˶²⧷Ѫ磬Ϊպ򣬻Ѫң 
ӪΪ֮֮ߣ봦ػѪһ泷аһѪаݣΪ֡ 
ЮΪ̥ƣаݡʵ㡣֮ߣʹ룬Ȼ÷ӡ 

