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ߣ̥  
  
ݣԪ1644-1911  

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ԣѾǾҲԡ顷ء֮΢԰ּδߣΪʴ֮³Ҳƪ壬ǿɹƣ 
֮߱νΪߣ֪ѾǾҲԹҽߣ桶ھھ֮ѧ֡ 
ֹʤپԷʤ٢ӷʤԲھʦи𡣴Ժ֧֣ͽ 
ҽ֮ҽ֮ȥʥԶӡΩѾϤھ֮壬ʥѧ֮ΩΪڡ 
Ȼɣ˵мԾΪߣ㣾ĶΪߣеߵΪߡ֮ʦУ˵ 
ԴĪʹʥ֮˵㣣޴Ӷ֤Ƿǣھ֮͡ھھҲԾ֤ 
ǷȻӡȻ֮Ѷǧ꣬ע߲ʮңԲ飬дߣҶΪ֮ͣ 
߷֮ǰ˽ʶҲǾѧ֮ӣΩ֪ѰԴԴãеֹδԴԼ 
ҲԡѾӡѾѾ޿飻ԡھ֮ӡѾѾҲʼҲ 
ǳŶϰ֮ϰ֮öǣϰ֮öż֮ǣżҲŷѾ֮زΥھҲ 
Ǳ䷢֮飬Ϊھ⣬ڹͣ˱ͬǷⷨ壬˵ 
ڡھ롶ھ෢ߣʦУֲִھɷΩھ֮ѵڹδ 
Ǣߣժ֤֮ڡԡѾΪҲáѾºʹ֪Ѿ֮Ϊھ 
ԨԴҲ֮Ϊ͡Ѿ͡ԡ͡ѡԡѡ͡ԡ 
͡ѡѡνҽ֮ҲҲԻԽߣʼڡ顤־ǲɶȻʵ 
ǰƣ 
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ԣһԻʮнжʮҲ֮⣬̫츮֮֮࣬ 
ӦҲȡڣԾ֮νҲڣ̫ԨѨ֣֮ 
Ҳ 
Ȼôߣ֮ᣬ̫֮ҲᣬҲ̫֮Ҳᣬ顤ƪơáθΪ 
֮עڷΣ̫֮ҲϢҲ֡顤ƪƣ̫֮ѭʣ 
ָ֮ˡһ磬һ磬Ϣ硣һһҹһǧϢʮ 
ҲҲ顤ʮӪƪá˾¡ҡǰʮʮɶߣ 
Ϣ硣ʮϢʮɶߣһһǧϢʮӪȣ 
ҲԹһҲʮʵ꡶顤ƪ 
©ˮ°ٿ̣־©ʼڻƵۡһһҹΪٿ̣ںڣˮ̳ҹ̡֮Ӫ 
ʮȣʮȣΪһҲӪ顤ӪƪơáڹȣθԴڷΣ 
ΪӪΪӪУ⡱ҲӪӡҹ 
ҹʮȣʮΪһҲҹг̣˾жԡֹ֮꡶顤ƪ 
ʮȸ̫ߣ֮ʼʷȡڴҲֹ̫̫Իʼ 
֮ڴˣȡڿԾҲ顤ӪƪơáӪн½ԻԸ֮ 
᪲ԻϽθϿڣʹѭֶ̫֮У࣬Ӫʮ 
ȣʮȣһҲʮȶ̫ӡӪ֮Ҳ 
Իгߴ磬νҲ 
Ȼóߴߣ֮ҪҲߴġҪᣬҪ֮ء֮Ҳӹ 
ǳڣ֮ҲӹǴڣ֮Ҳߣߴֽ֮أν߹ΪҲ 
ΪߣζʣָںԻ㣬ֽ缴ҲΪڣķζ 
Ҳ 
ʷִΪߣֳΪ硣˶ͳߴּԹϷȥһ磬Ϊߣ·ȥһߣΪ磬 
Գߴ֮ԵҲóһ磬ôھŷ֡˶ڳߴ֮з䳤֮λԺ֮һ 
ΪżŷΪҲǹ󡣽ν֮ߣֹһ磻ʽν֮磬ֹ 
Ͼŷ֣Իһ磬ھŷҲߴʼһŷ֣ԻߴҲֺϳߴ֮ԡȻһ粻Ի磬 
þŷֲԻߣڳ֮Сڴ֮Ҳ 
Ի̫вˣи磬йи񣬺νҲ̫Ҳ 
̫֮硢ء֮Ҳ 
Ȼù֮ǰߣ 
֮ҲŷֶǰΪġ֮ҲߣԻ̫üߣԻΪ磬 
 
νŷҲνŷҲ㣬ʡ㣬ʣ̫֮Ҳ磬ҲΪڸ 
֮Ҳظ񣬾ʮ̫ӪԻأ̫ʢӪԻ 
ߣʢԽ⣻ڸߣڶʢҲˣϳλҲԺߣ֮Ҳһ 
غΪ֮ҲߣԻ̫ߣԻΪνһҲν 
һҲߣһҲҲΪڹ񣬴֮Ҳڹأν£֮λ 
νԽ֮λҲˣҲԻ硣֮˲Ҳ֮ν 
ζ⣬мɾҲ˵ʮѺϹ֮ 
Ի֮νҲν֮Ҳ 
ȻúΣΣ֮䣬 
ƢܹζҲķϲʳ֮²֮Ƣй˾֮Ҳܹζ 
θ̫֮塣 
СУ֮ҲҲҲԻҲΪΪ 
ķξ㸡Ա֮Σʾ㸡𣬷ֱҲ 
ȻøɢҲɬ߷Ҳ𣬹 
ɢ𣬹ɬķ֮ͬҲξԱ֮Σʾ 
Ȼζ߸Ҳ֮妣ָʵҲľζˮ妶ʵˮڸҲ 
ƢݣС֮ҲУ֮Ҳ֮֮н֮ 
Ҳһһһһһһһһ֮ԣ㶯Ү㶯 
Ҳġ 
Ȼôߣ㶯Ҳν̡ɬҲ˼νҲ 
ϣ£߹λ߲λɬ͡ԣɬҲ 
ҲҲҲҲҲɬҲνҲνһһߣν 
ҲһߣνҲһߣνʱһҲνһһߣνɬ 
ҲһߣνɬҲһߣνɬ̣ʱһҲ֮ҲȻ˾ԣ 
໥ۣһҲ棬ɬ̳òҲ侭ڣ˳Ҳ 
֮壬δϼףϷҲ侭Ҳ˳˸˳Ϊ˳ 
Ϊ棬ּ޶壬򾭶˳档䷨֮ 
ԻأνҲΪᣬΪء 
Ȼó֮أƤëߣβҲ 
Ҳģ֮֮أĵҲƤëã両Ƥë֮Ҳᣬ 
ˡ֮أѪߣĲҲ֮أ뼡ߣƢҲʮ֮أƽߣβ 
Ҳ֮ǣָߣҲѪ⡢ǣݳ£֮أԴΪ׼ǷξϣĴ֮ 
Ƣִ֮֮¡ǣ֮Ҳָȣѡָʵ֮Ҳ 
Իʢ飬ʢ飬νҲ֮֮ͬƽҲ 
̫֮֮Ҳ 
Ȼø֮С֮ʵ󣬹Իʢ顣֮С֮ʵ 
Իʢ顣СѪ˥ʵѪʢʵ֮Ҳ 
Իþ֮էէСէէ̣̫֮֮΢ 
δԶ޶֮ʢȻδʸ̡̫֮ʢʺӦҲ̫ 
֮֮ϸ΢̶֮ء̫Ϊ֮ʼн󣬶г֮Ҳ 
֮ʢʽϸ΢֮ʳ̶أ֮ҲߣƽааƽȻ֮ 
Ҳй֮Ҳ 
ȻýҲʱӦҲԺ£գ 
Ȼö֮üԹԪ 
ڶձԼӣȻʮķ֮һ࣬ÿݲղؽԵӣƶ 
üߣָ֮ҲյӣʮһףľʼʢԻҲղ 
ӣ֮ʮգԼΪޡüü̫ü̫ü 
ü֮΢ʢ̫ʢ̫£̫֮΢ʢ 
ʢѡʮգӣʮһҲʮգԳһꡣ 
֮ʱմҪҲʱָԣָԣĺ¼֮ʡ 
ԻôƽߣνҲƽνҲ 
Ȼʮߣϵ֮ԭν֮ԭߣ 
νʮ֮Ҳν䶯ҲʮϡϵҲʮ֮ԴӴ˳ν֮䣬֮м 
Ҳϳ֮νҲ˵ʮС֮ʮ֮֮ţ 
֮ԭһа֮񡣣ΣΪ֮ţνҲͬ򣬶½Ի֮ԭν 
ӳҲаδꡣνԪ㣬аˣԻаδ֪Ƿ񡣣ߣ֮ҲҶӡ 
ԭҲԭˣ̲ľ֮иľҶ䣬֮ԭҲƽߣ 
Ҳ֮Ѿ֮ƽղҲ 
ԻúԱ֪อ֮Ү 
Ȼ߸ҲҲҲΪȣΪ˶ 
Գ֮塣ΪȣΪ˶֮塣֮ҲԱ֪ 
֮Ҳ 
ʮԻһΪʮߣνҲһʮ䣬νһ֮ʮҲ 
Ȼãа֮Ҳ 
а席֮аҲᣬΪᣬ席Ϊա꣬Ϊа࣬аɸҲ֮ߣ 
аҲ΢ߣаСҲߣаԸҲ΢ߣСаԸСҲߣ 
ƢаҲ΢ߣθаСҲɬߣаҲ΢ɬߣаСҲߣ 
аҲ΢ߣаСҲνʮҲɸ΢󡢻ɬ 
֪֮֮֮ҲСߣءѪ־ƪơá̫ΪҲ 
׼ˡиаһΪʮҲ˶֮ΪȻԻС 
ԻҲ 
ʮһԻþʮһֹһߣνһࣩҲ顤ƪơáʮһߣ 
ʮһߣһʮһߣʮһߣʮһߣ 
ʮһߣĶԼ֮ҲνѾˣ϶Ҳ 
Ȼ 
룬Σ롣Σʺζһٶ 
һٶԺߣɺҲδնֹ֪Ҳ֪һߣȾҲ 
Ϊ 
ʮԻþѾڣ߷ʵ⣻Ѿ⣬߷ʵڡ֮Ա֮ 
ļ顤ʮԭƪ 
ȻѾߣҲҽķΣѾߣķ 
ҲҽΡڣķ⡣ν벹֮ҲķΪΪ 
νʵʵ飬ࡣߣҲҲߣʵҲҲӡ 
ߣҽɱ֮ԲҽҲ 
ʮԻþԼɫʤ֮ߣ֮ߣѡɫ֮ӦΪ 
֮κΣļ顤аอۡʤġ 
ȻɫԼ棬൱ڳ 
Ӧɫ£ԺಡֺɫҲָԣָ֮Ƥԣ 
ɫ࣬Ҷɫ࣬ɢɫƣлɫףɬ̣ɫڣ妶 
νɫ֮ӦҲ顤ɫƪơáΪΣΪģΪΣΪƢΪҼ 
ߣ֮Ҳ顤аอƪơáɫߣҲߣҲߣҲߣ 
ëߣʯ˿Բι֮ۡƤ֮Ƥ༱֮Ƥ໺ɬ 
֮Ƥɬ֮Ƥ໬νӦҲ 
ɫζڳӦ䲻һ֣ӦߣҲ 
ɫ࣬ɬ̣ΪʤɢСΪҲɫΣɬǷ 
ʤɫҲΪƢɫʤҲԻʤɢɫҲСΪɫҲԻ 
֪һΪ¹֪Ϊй֪ΪϹϹʮȫţйʮȫˣ¹ʮȫ֮νҲ֪һνɫ 
֮һҲȫνΣ䲡Ҳ 
ʮԻνҲԻ𣬶Ի 
Ȼ֮һԻƽԻ뾭Իᾫ 
ԻԻ֮ҲνһһԻ뾭٣һһԻᾫһԻĺһԻ 
֮Ҳƽߣʵ䳣֮ν뾭䳣ҲᾫѶҲߣ 
Ѿ֮ѣϢҲ 
ϣҲķΪϣΪ¡֮ΪκΣ 
ȻһƤëƤ۶ë䣻 
ѪѪ٣ڼ⣬ݣʳΪڽճ֣ 
ڹǣڴߣղҲն֣֮Ҳ顤ƪƤ 
ƢǡƤߣݶҲξϣ£ɷνҲ 
ν֮ΣνҲߣڴߣƤ۶ë 
֮ҲΪ٣ڱΪΪȣഫȾã㲡 
򲻸ӡ֮κΣ 
ȻߣߣӪƢߡʳ亮£ 
ߣУߣ侫֮ҲӪߣѪ֮䡣ʳ£֮ 
ߣνο༱ʳԻ֮֮塣ߣ֮ءǲں࣬ڶ֮Ҳ 
ȻһһСԻƽһһΪ 
òʵò뾭֮壬ԽΪв֮ҲǰСͷʹĿѣǰС󣬼ǰָ磬 
ָߡǰСͷʹĿѣǰС󣬲һһ 
ᾫ֮壬䲡Ҳߣෳϸߣʹȣɬ¶Ϊа 
ԽʷϸΪаݣʸʹΪѪʵΪȡɬΪʪ¶һϢֱ֮֮ 
ٴΪԣԵȡԱ䲡չҲһһ˵ϸҹӣ 
ӣСΣдСߣΪΡߣҲϸʼҹʼ硣 
СϸСҹмӣʿΡдСҹΪҲС 
顤ƪνСȡ֮壬βףӡһһΪҲϸҹ 
֮νһһһһԻУ̵ŴȻߣѪԲ 
ҲвõڴҲѪ㣬Ե֮ʡٺһһԻ޻꣬޻ߵҲ 
УԻʬ޻꣬ԻҲʬѾʬ֮Ҳϲ²˵£ 
ϣӶϣ²֮¶ȻҲ¶Ϊޣ 
֮ӣԻϲ²ΪȻߣƩ֮гߣ֮и֦Ҷ£ 
иԪ֪ 
ʮԻþԴңëʯҮҲļءƽۡ 
ۡ 
Ȼҡëʯߣʱ֮Ҳʱ֮ν֮ӦʱҲߣζľҲ 
ʼδ֦Ҷ֮Իҡ֮󣬷Ϊ̫֮Ҳ 
ߣϷҲ֮ï֦Ҷ繳֮ȥ٣Իߣټȥߣ 
ȥٻν繳ҲëߣҲ֮գľҶ䣬֦ڣëҲ 
֮ԸԻë֦ڡëҲʯߣˮҲ 
֮Ҳʢ֮ʱˮʯ֮妶Իʯʱ֮Ҳۣʳ妻ˮ֮ 
Ҳอ֮УľΪߣΩľΪʱǨҲбκΣ䣬νʧҲ 
ȻôңΪν 
Ȼʵǿν̫⣻΢νڡ̫ 
ڱʲ⡣УʲڡѭҶԻƽᣬʡעΪ 
Ҳ 
ʵѭԻ˽Ҷ̫֮󡣣ǿŹԻ֮νҲ 
΢ԻƽҶθԻθԻθ֮Ҳ΢ҡθ١θ֮ 
Ҳķ´ˡθΪΪν 
Ȼʵǿν̫⣻΢ν 
ڡ绷ѭ Իƽ绷ʡ顱ʢҲ ʯߡ 
缦ԻνʵҲ 
ǰӣٴԻӣʡעԻáҲҲ΢ԻƽθԻ 
θԻθΪëΪν 
Ȼʵǿν̫⣻΢ 
νڡ糵ǣ֮Իƽǣ両Ҳ 
ϲ£ѭԻʡעν顱֮紵ëԻʡơ 
֮紵ëԻν֮ƳƳȻ紵ë׷ȻҲǽƮ֮塱΢ëԻƽ 
ëθԻëθԻθΪʯΪν 
Ȼʵǿν̫⣻ 
΢νڡϴ¶ң妻ȸ֮ԻƽȸģϴĩҲ΢Ի 
Բֶ΢ƹҲ 
ȥ絯ʯԻɢʯٶҲʡơáٱ絯ʯԻ 
΢ʯԻƽʯθԻʯθԻθΪθߣˮ֮ˮȽԾθ纣Ϊˮ 
ҲʱθļԻʱθΪνʱ֮䲡֮ҪҲƢߣ 
ҲƽͲɵüݣ֮УƽͣƢУʲɵü˥ 
˼ȸ֮ģˮ֮©Ƣ˥֮һ֣֮Ҳȸģˮ©޳ 
ʮԻźأʮףһΪʱź꡶ءźۡ 
ѡأѡʮףءʢ˥ۡעν岻棬νʮ֮塣һΪ 
ʱʮѡľ޷󡣣ʥԶ䷨Ա֮ 
Ȼ䲡֤ 
Ϊ䲡Ϊ֤ǲ϶֤Ҳ䲡Ϊ֮κΣ 
Ȼüøʮѡ֤ 
ƽ࣬뵨ϣΪ徻֮ƽࡣ࣬ŭءӦۡøΡɫΪԡ־Ϊŭ 
֤ж֮ʹء̽ۡá󡱣󣬸֮λҲܲضҲߣ 
ᡣʹߣ͡䲡֫Ҳ֫ڽڸΣϴơáĩܣѱѣ 
顤ƪƣѭɣʲѱҲת顤ƪơáʲҲ 
߸Ҳ߷ҲǣָĲ֤ԡ޴˲֤ܲʵڸҲ 
֤࣬ءġɫΪࡱڸɣͨ࣬ҲϲЦءġΪЦ֤ 
жϣ֮λҲ֮ʹ䲡÷ģʹڱҲȶ 顤ƪ 
֮ڡȡ ŻҲءҪۡáϣڻ𡣡Ҳ߷Ҳ 
Ƣ֤ƣءƢɫΪơ棬棬顤ƪơáθ 
ɢθΪ档ƢθϣʲͬҲ˼ءƢ־Ϊ˼ζءƢΪڡζ 
֤õж֮ʹ꣬ƢλҲ䲡øءۡáΪ֮ 
ƢҲʲڸʳƢĥʳأƢ⡣ʹءۡǶأƢθ 
ϣڡԣ;ƢҲ֫աƢ֫ƢҲ߷Ҳ÷֤ 
ףءΡɫΪס磬顤ƪáģڱǡ硣ͨڱǣҲ 
֣ޣءΡ־ΪǡΪޡ֤ж֮ʹأ̽ۡáβ 
ҡң֮λҲ䲡ôȣ򴭿ȡȡƤë߷Ҳ߷Ҳ 
֤ڣءɫΪڡƿ֡ء־Ϊ֡Ƿ顤ƪá£ 
δϣ£ǷơáΪǷ֤ж֮ʹ 
££֮λҲ䲡ϡСʹ£ʲСйأơá 
Ϊأ׹Ҳֺ档顤ƪ֮ѭ֮󣬱У 
ڡʲˡҲ߷Ҳ 
ʮԻþԲв²ѡǾ֮ȫҲһ 
֪֮Ү 
Ȼÿɾ֪ҲﲡĿߣ˸β֤뵨ϣβ飬ʱĿ 
ˡøǿ˸֮÷̶ɬߣҲ֤ľΪҲĿ 
ʣߣĲ֤ȣĿҲýʵ֮óɬһ妣 
΢ߣҲ֤֮ˮΪҲѪѪߣϸߣ 
Ҳһ壬ԣνʵҲ顤ƪơáֹ桱Ҳ 
ȣ󣬶䣬ϸ΢ߣҲʵҲ䣬֤֮Ҳ 
󸹶йߣ΢ϸɬߣҲಡʵҲ顤ƪơá֫壬й 
ǶҲ 
ʮԻľ硢ءҲľִ硢ء߸һһҲ̫ 
̫Σ󳦣Ҵ硣̫̫ףߡΪ 
²ҴΪϣΪ¡νҲ 
Ȼ̫Ҳ̫ˮҲˮˮжϣ 
²ҲѭҲΣءľҲ̫ 
𣬣̫Сģ硣ж£Ϊϲ𣬣 
İҲƱ֮壬ҳߡ̫̫Ƣθҹء 
йвҲ˽ĸҲľ֮壬֮Ҳ 
ź򣬸֮ 
Ȼߣ硢ءҲźߣСҲиСΪҲϲ 
죬ͷ֮мҲֲԾ磬Բλԡвˣ֮мҲ²أһ 
Ϊ²Ӧء֮мҲءҪ΢ۡơϾߣءҲ¾ߣ 
ٸɡϥ֡Ҳ΢𡣡֮Ҳν䲡֮¶ڣ벻 
ʩҲ塷лνһڣʮдǡֲ˵ǡ 
˲г;ûۣ֪֮Ү 
Ȼﲡһ޲֣вл֮Ҳ÷ᣬ 
в֮ҲᣬΪ֮ءƽۡơáᣬлӡ΢΢ﲻ÷ 
влߣҲ 
Ȼ÷䲻ֵһ֮ͳָԣ 
СԺҲͬҮҲ󼲣Ǽȥ֮ǣ䲻 
อԻ⡣ 
Ȼýߣȥʱһֹ޳޳Ϊ֮гߣʮһֹʮһ 
ֹ˴лӡǽ֮ԻڣͨˡԻҲߣн 
ҲߣҲұˡԽḡڱҲң 
Դ֮һ󼲣ͬҲԻˡߣ޻ۣߣ 
󼲣лᣬΪӦӦΪҲӦ죬Ѫ 
Ҳ 
ʮԻþ˳Ůк㣬ߣνҲΪ˳Ϊ档㣬Ҳνһ֮ 
Ҳν֮ǿ෴Ҳ޿ 
ȻΪľҲŮ꣬ΪҲƱسŮ֮ԣ֮Ҳ 
ȻеŮΪ㣬ڣеΪ㡣ڣνĸ 
֮ڡ򲡼λҲ֮ҵ֮ң֮Ҳ֮ң鲡֮ 
ҲŮΪ̫֫ŮԽΪࡣ֫򲡼λҲ 
֮ҵ֮ң֮֮νҲȫ룬Ϊ㣬ΪҲ 
ʮԻþз䣬ںԷҮ޿䣬νڱλ 
Ҳ 
ȻνˡҲԲһҲߣΪҲĸ 
Ҳʱɬ̣νзҲ̷ҲߣΪ 
ҲĳɬҲʱνзҲ߿񲡣֮ 
֮Բֹ䣬ԱΪԱΪҲаʢ񣬹䲡 
ˡءۡơáвŭߣҲ߼Ŀä֮ 
ѣ򴿺ʼĿѪӣѣѪӪĿĿä֮Ҳ 
ʮһԻþβԻβԻνҲ 
ȻβвҲ 
νϢӦҲԷ֮治ҲﲡԲһһ֮˼Ȳ 
룬Ӧٶ֮Ϣʻ֮Ϣʴ٣ҽ߲֮Ϊ޲ʵȻҲ 
ֻҽ֮ϢԵ벡Ӧ棬Ϊͨ޿˴󷨡 
ʮԻþǶһһ֣ΪߣҲǾ֮ȫģԼ 
ԳҲָ֣ԡǶ顤ƪָġǶ֮ 
֮д˶֮Ҳ 
ȻþǶߣҲߣѪҲ֮ߣΪ֮ߣ 
ѪΪ֮ҲаΪǶаѪѪΪѪ֮ԲаҲ ֮Ѫ֮ 
ҲѬ֮塣妣֮塣ߣ ҲΪȲҲѪգһͣߣգ 
ҲΪѪҲΪǶҲа֮ˣ˺Ȼ󼰺ѪѪһ 
Ҳ 
ʮԻ֮Բ 
Ȼ֮顤ƪ 
ͷ֮Դָĩͷߣɡ֮Ҳ֮У 
ָ֮ĩС磬һɰ˳ߣߣ϶һߡ֮ͷ 
ֺͷ˳ߣɰ˳ߡ֮أֺء磬 
ߣߣɾųߡĿ߳磬һĳߣһߣһߡ 
澭 
Ȼ 
ߣѪͨӪҲʼнע̫Ӫннʼע 
̫̫ע̫̫ע̫עעע̫ 
 
ʮ壬ԭעΪԭ顤ʮԭƪơáԭߣ֮ʮζҲ 
ν֮Իڴˣ֮Ҳ绷޶ˣתȣڴڡӭڣһѡ 
ӭ֮Ҳ糯֮νڴˣԳҲԴٲҲҲ 
һѶȡԾ֮塣ơ֪ʼӡνҲ顤ʼƪ 
Ȼʼߣ֮Ҳ 
ʼƪơáʼߣΪ͡ڡӭ֮ͨڳʹϡʹΪҲΪӭ 
Ϊ绷޶ˣԻʼҲߣ֮ΣΣ¶ʮѡԻҲ 
ʮԻѾΪ򣿣֤֮Ҳ֪伪ײ 
Ȼǿݡ 
½ҲءۡơڹǡߣҲжڹ衣Ӧ 
ڡʹ費£ⲻŹǣⲻף妶ȴ妣ҲȴȴҲ妶ȴ 
ݳݣݣȴʳݳݣҲߣ֮࣬Դ֮󣻣 
ۡơ仪ڷߣƣڴߣ 
֮ҲۡơƢ仪ڴİףڼӪⲻ󣻼ⲻ 
򴽷Ҳף׶Ҳ 
ƣСľʤҲ֣һ򣩽 
ǣҲƪƣ֮ѭƣѭ֮󡱣ƣڡۡơøΡ仪צ 
ڽߣҲߣ֮Ҳߣ౾ʡۡáǰߣڽ֮ۡ 
Ӫ࣬˽ƣСʤľҲ֣ 
̫һƤëۡơ÷Ρ仪ëƤ̫ߣҲƤëҲ 
ӪƤëƤëҺȥҺȥƤˣƤˣƤëۣƤ֮Ƥצۣή 
ҲëߣëƣСʤҲ֣ͨͨѪ 
ۡġ仪棬ѪѪɫһɫ֣ȥɫ󣬣󣬺ڻɫҲѪ 
ƣСˮʤҲ֣ĿѣתĿ顤ۡơá֮ 
עĿΪ֮ǰʮơáĿäҲѣϵ 
ʮԻʮʮһһߣεȾҲ顤ۡáءĲ񣬷βǣβ 
꣬Ƣ⣬ؾ־ҲС󳦡θסˮȣ縮֮˾룬ԻҲ 
ȻһߣҲΪ顤ۡá̫ΪΪ 
 
̫Ϊ̫ΪΪ̫Ϊν֮ǣ 
Ϊ˷ΪΪһʳʮҲϽн½ҲΣԾ 
ʮҲ 
Ѿˣڰˡʮһʮʮˣʮšʮʮƪ㵱ιۡ 
ʮԻþʮʮ壬ߣǺεҲ顤ʮԭƪơáʮʮ壬 
ʮ¡ 
Ȼ磬磬Ƣ֮硣顤ƪáƢ֮磬ԻԨҺ磬 
Сߣ֮Ҳߣ֮Ҳһʮѡʮɡ 
ʮԻ澭ʮνҲ棬ż֮棬νżʮҲ±ࡣ 
ȻάάΣΣг壬жΣд֮˰ߣԲھԻ澭 
Ҳ 
±ࡣʮʮ壬ʮ£ǰƪζھҲ 
Ȼʥͼ蹵ͨˮ 
ԱȻȻԲҲ꽵£֮ʱ һУʥ˲ܸͼҲˮ 
Ѫ֮磬ܸҲѪʢʮ֮Ϊ澭澭Ϊʮ 
֮Ҳ 
ʮԻ澭ߣȲʮԺμҲ̣Ҳϵ 
Ȼöߣ 
¼֮ᣬᣬѨҲ¼ǿѨڼ ǶˡڼҲ縮縮 
뷢һСԡ顤ƪá֮ԻǿЮɢͷϣ 
ң̫ʵǿͷءʡǿۡáߣٸ¹룬Ů 
ϵ͢ףף֮Ҳѭϴۼ䣬ƴۺ󣬱ΣߺϹںἹ 
̫Ŀ ϶ϣԣѭ粲ڣУѭѭ 
ۣŮӵȡٸֱߣ룬ϹģûϵĿ֮롣ٸϳĶ 
ʹǰΪޡŮӡòУ񪡢̡硢ɸɡߣм֮£мѨ 
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ƪá֮ У̫ϣʮ׵ 
ʮԻ澭֮Ϊ磿 
Ȼάά֮Ҳάά֮Ҳ 
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С֮⡣ʡۡơáӪߣˮ֮Ҳ͵࣬Ҳ 
ߣˮ֮Ҳ ҲӪܲϢʮᡣʮνʮӪҲһС 
ᣬ绷֮޶ˣ֪ӪҲ 
ʮһԻߣҲʼգ侭ֹ֮ҲγںԲΣ 
֮Σ֮Ҳ 
Ȼߣˮ֮·֮ʼҲ֮壬ˮȣ 
ʼҲϽߣ£ҲĤڸν֮θϿڣڶڣ 
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ѨҲθ½ߣһС¡֣ϿڣϿڣҲֱǣڰ 
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丮֡Ҳؾ֮壬ؾڴҲϡ塷Դ˾Ϊ򣬷ǡ 
ʮԻȣķζتһͬߣҲϣλߴ֮Ҳ 
ȻѪѪΪӪΪءۡơáѪ߽ģ߽ڷΡӪ 
У 
ѪΪӪ⣬Ϊ£ν֮Ӫ£νʮҲ˵һСͨо磬Ӫ 
⣬ͨо磬ʮͨอ֮ҲķζҲӪΪһ֮ͳ㣬ķ֮ 
ʶ֮Ҳ 
ʮԻøľΰ𡣸εˮľˮεˮˮҲξӷ¡ 
ԻˮξӸϣԻˮԸμľ򵱸μ򵱳ľ֮岻࣬ 
Ҳ 
ȻøߣΪľҲҽҲľΪľ־ڴӽ𣬹ԻǴľ֮ᡣ 
Ϊϣ䣬֮Ϊ֮ΪҲСԷ븾֮֮ 
С֮֮򸾣һҲ΢΢ֽ֮𣬣дӷ֮壬Ϊľ 
Ի΢ֽνִӺҲ࣬λ£ԻࡣεˮҲˮ 
Եĵ෴֣Աдӷ֮塣ߣΪҲҲΪ 
־ڴӻ𣬹ԻǴ𡣣֮ᡣϡСԷ븾΢Ϊ 
Ի΢ͻ𣬣飬̻֮飬ԼڻҲֻ̫࣬λϣԻ 
ࡣһ֣εˮҲԱӺҲȶȶߣҲȣ 
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ηľľΪż䱾帡֮Ҳ 
ʮԻɫζԿ֪Բ 
Ȼáʮ䡷ԡøɫ࣬౾жҲߣ 
ľ֮ɫҲʮ䡷δꡣľ֮Ҳζᣨľ֮ζҲľ֮ҲҺ 
ĿΪɫ֮࣬ɫҲ֮Ҳζ֮࣬ζҲԣԣɢΪ 
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Ҳءصۡơߣ֮٣ɡƢǣƪơáν֮⣬ 
ν֮ǡƢ˼Ҳء̷ƪơáƢΪ֮٣ܳɡؾ־Ҳƪơá 
֮ν֮֮ν֮־ءصۡơáߣǿ֮٣ɳɡ 
ʮԻġζȥ󳦡СԶߣνҲ֮Ƣ֮θ֮ 
ףλ֮С֮󳦣ԶҲ 
ȻþӪѪΪӪѪӪġΪ 
ΡͨӪ֮顤ӪƪơáʮȣʮȡҲ 
ʾϣνλߡ󳦡С£ҲνҲʾ¡νλ¡ 
ȥԶҲ˾ͬԾϣλԶҲҲ徻֮󳦡Сθף 
ܲҲν徻ܻǣߣʩܹҲ 
ȻߣνǷҲ 
ǽ徻֮ҲСߣʢ֮Ҳءص䡷áСߣʢ֮٣ɡθ֮ 
Ҳߣке֮Ҳءáߣ֮٣仯ɡߣ徻֮Ҳءáߣ 
֮٣ϳɡǵкԾıǶѣν֮徻֮Ҳθߣˮ֮ҲءáƢθ 
ߣ֮٣ζɡߣҺ֮Ҳءáߣݶ֮٣Һɡ֮Ҳһ 
֪ҲƣʵָܻҲΩΪ徻ʲܻǣอ徻 
ӡ 
Сߣ֮ߣ֮ߣ֮θߣƢ֮ߣ֮顤ƪơáκϴ 
ĺСκϵƢθϰס֮νҲСν೦ν׳ν೦ 
θνƳνڳ֮ɫ䳦Ϊ֮ҲǽΪܻǣ֮Ҳ 
½֮һ֣֮Ҳ顤ӪƪơáˮߣθУɶڴ󳦣½ 
£ڱ֭ѭ½ɡ席½֮Ҳ 
ʮԻһߣҲνҸһҲ 
ȻߣǽҲνһΪһ 
ҲΪΪšߣ֮ᣬᣬҲһ֮񣬽ԲڴҲԭ֮ϵҲ 
ԭԪԸܺҲԲؾŮϵʩ֮ߣ֮֮ԭ֮ 
ԻҲ֪һҲһΪŶֹһ 
ʮԻ֮ںηͨں䱾֮֮ͨעҲԲ 
Ȼ 
ߣϹھҲϽϣԻϹأνͨҲʷͨڱǣǺ֪ӣͨĿ 
Ŀ֪ڰӣƢͨڿڣں֪ζӣ֪ͨ࣬ζӣζʺ֪ζ 
ȣʺܱȡͨڶ֪ӡ 
಻ͣϲͨͨνϴʧҲͣΪӸ֮ᣬʲ 
ֹϲͨѣѪһ֮룬ʲ֮۶ΪӸҲаͣ 
֮Ҳ֮֮ͣʢӡҲа࣬ͣͣѪ 
֮Ѫ֮ʢӡѪҲߣаڣʢ֮Ҳ 
̫ʢӪҲԻ̫ʢӪҲԻأʢӪҲԻ 
񡣣ӪҲߣվ֮塣ߣ֮塣ظߣþӡ֮Ԫδ 
ܾҲ 
࣬ӪߣҲ 
Ȼ÷֮Ҳˮ֮ϢҲӪ࣬Ӫ 
绷޶ˣĪ֪ͣնʼ磬Բʢھ֮Ҳอ妣 
Ҳë׷պϴҲ 
ʮԻΩ壬ߣҲ 
ȻνߣνҲԭ֮ɣʮνԭ 
֮ʹҲΣ侭⸭Ҳ֮⣬Ի⸭ 
ʮԻþԸ壬ߣҲ޿ 
Ȼߣֹ席Ҳν࣬ʲΪ 
ҲߣνҲΪΪšߣνһν֣֮Ҳ 
ԲؾŮϵͨҲͨʵʲͬΪһҲ 
ߣҲ 
ȻһһȻ࣬Ըɡ߶ԣȲ࣬ 
ΪҲű˵ʮ¡ 
ʮԻþԸɫƢζҺ 
Ȼ÷ߣҲȣϷ𣬻ģ 
֪ߣˮҲˮ꣬𣬽߷Σг֮֮Ҳ 
ľںȣˮ꣬ʻΪҲ 
ʮһԻøζҶԺӦҲӦνӦҲ 
ʮԻ˳θ̣ˮȶ٣Σ 
Ȼθһ磬磬Χ֮㡣 
ԲߣһΧΧһ磬Ҳķ´ˡ磬ˮθڸУ 
ԻгȶˮһߣвʹҲθ飬˼ʳһձ 
ʳҲС룬˷ٰ֮֡룬˵öķ֣һٰ֣֮룬ԲҲ 
ɶߣܹȶˮϡ֮롣룬Ҳ һأĴ磬س󳦣 
Իسһ룬 
һߣܹһˮ롣㳦˴磬㳦ֱܻ֮㣬Ի 
㳦롣 
߰˴磬ܹȾϡ˷ֺ֮һʳθɰ˳Ĵ硣 
˳θ̣ˮ֮ҲضҶҶҶػꡣʮѡͬ 
ʮ߿ëףҲʢ֭ϣν֮ѪҲƢض磬㣬 
νβԲҲ磬ɢɢ࣬Һ֮ߡѪ࣬⡣Ѫνͳ֮ 
ʹɢҲƢθůҲҶҶΪҶԳΪ 
ҶҲǡöһ־öνΪΪҲ 
ڸ֮Ҷ䣬ʢ֭ϡ࣬θضʮһһ죨ν 
ͳҲ磬һ磬硣ʢһݣȶˮһСضʮ 
ߣ룬˷ٰ֮֡룬 һأͬʮʢһݣȶˮϡ 
֮롣һʮһߣĴ磬һ磬һصʮ 
ʢһˮ롣顤θƪơáس󻷻Ҷ£˻ʮĴ磬һ硢 
ٰ֮롱ʢ뾭ľͬؾݹŴ磬಻ԲԻݹ㡣ʢźϡˮ 
ӴΪ磬ͬӣʲԻˮԻ磬Խ˾΢Ҳڹ룬ݳŷ֣Ѻ 
Ѻ󣬼ҲᣬҲ룬ϡνڿҲʮߴ磬롣 
ʮһʮ顤θƪʮ룬θһ硣ţν֮ʳ 
Ҳͨθʮ磬һ߶磬Žڡ֮ҲͨڷΡ 
ڣбϵоҲʮ˴磬룬߰˴磬ܹȾϡ˷ֺ֮һ 
ţ㳦ʢͬ 
ʮԻ˲ʳնߣҲ 
Ȼθеȶˮһνˮ 
ҲƽҲһж룬ˮȣɡУȥҲ顷һ 
һ֮йȥҲˮȾӡƽ˲ʳնߣˮȽҺ㾡 
ӡҺˮȶˮȾҺӡ 
ʮԻ߳źڣߣҪ֮Ҳ 
ȻôΪţɣɶ֮Ϊţйؼ֮ 
֮лﲻþҲΪţᣬνۣ֮ڱʹ롣ɴҲθΪţ 
ڣ̱Ҳθ̫Ҳ̫¿Ϊţ顤ۡáθߣ̫Ҳޣ 
Ի̫֡¿ڣСҲģ֮أ³봦ԶҲСΪţߣС֮£֮ϡ 
СΪʢ֮٣ɣһڴ󳦣ڽҺڰףˮڴ˶ֱɣԻţνطֱ𡢲ò 
Ҳ¼ΪţҲţҲʳˣȥֹʣԻţνҲַβ 
ǣ󳦣ΪԻšءۡơáΪʹˮȲþòءԻ߳Ҳ 
ʮԻþ԰˻ߣҲᣬҲۣ֮ѨҲ 
Ȼø̫֣̫֣Ѩ 
Ĵ硣ȡθԻᡣἾввѨڴֱ꼾߶ˣƢļҲ 
ƢΪᡣȪȪ֮ϥѨҲΪ 
ᡣǣǣѨĴ硣顤ƪ֮ơáǡ 
ڹǣΪᡣѪᣬᣬ̫׵£ȥһ룬н֣֮΢ΪѪ֮ 
ҲΪѪᡣạ̣̫̊́һ׵£ȥһ롣顤ۡơáΪʮ֮ 
ڴ̡ƪƣ֮£ǣϣΪǻᡣ̫Ԩ̫Ԩ 
̫ƺУҲγΪᡣһС⣬һֱҲ⣬ν 
ڽĤ֮⡣ڣν֮У֮ѨҲ顤ƪ֮֡ƪơ 
ߣΪ֮ΪᡣȲߣȡ֮ѨҲȲڣаǳΣʱش 
֮ȡаѼҲᣬν䲡֮ڣȡ֮Ҳ 
ʮԻԶ£׳¶ߣҲ£ĿҲ廣˵ġơášҲ 
޶䣬ܳҲ 
Ȼþ׳ߣѪʢ⻬ҲͨӪ֮вʧڳ顤Ӫ 
ƪӪʮȣʮȣƽѡ֮νҲվ 
ҲҹҲѪ˥ⲻӪ֮ɬɬν˳Ҳ粻ܾҹҲ֪ 
Ҳ 
ʮԻͺߣҲ 
Ȼͷߣ֮Ҳν֮Ҳ 
ͷ顤˳ۡơá֣֮֮ͷ֮ôͷ 
㣻֮߸֮νҲͺҲ 
ʮԻʵνҲ 
Ȼ֮ʵв֮ʵ֮ʵҲҲ֤Ҳ֮ 
ʵߣΪ飬妣ҲۡơѪơá΢ɼΪѪ֮򡣣 
ΪʵҾԻʵԻΡءƽۡʢԻ͡˺ۡơáߣƢǿơ 
ΡɼΪаʵֹ֮˶֣ٴҲ֮ʵߣΪ飬νģ 
 
¡к֮࣬ڳ߽ǡΪʵ룬νаڽᣬʳաܷ纮߽֮࣬ǡ 
Ϊ飬ΪʵԣҲڷ壬ҲԣҲа⹥Ҳ 
ԡԣ༴ϳ֮塣Ϊ飬ΪʵҲа΢򲡽Ҳ 
δаʢ򲡼Ҳ֮ʵߣΪ飬ΪʵΪ飬ʹΪʵѪٶⲻܳ䣬 
а۶Ӫúͣʹʹڿ죬Ϊʵ飬ʹ죬 
Ϊʵ顣밴֮Ҳϲʵ߲֣ʰ֮ʹΪʵ촦ΪҲԻʵҲ 
ʮԻԲаˣԱ֮Ҳаν֮аҲġ 
Ȼ 
ǳ˼ģ˼ǳģʹˡκ˷Σ౾ܷ纮ˮҲ 
ŭ棬϶˸Σ־Ϊŭŭľϳ壬Ҳʳ;ƢƢΪ֮٣ 
ʳ֫Ƣ;֫ʹƢҲʪأǿˮʪ£ʪȹ 
Ϊǿ֮٣ˮ֮࣬ǿˮˡһ֣֮ԲҲνа 
Ȼз磬Ϊ 
ľʷΡΪ֮Ҳ֮ʳ;룬Ƣ֮аҲϡ˺ 
Է֮аҲϡʪ֮аҲϡ֮νа 
Ĳ֪з֮ĵз 
֮Ҳ·´ˡ 
Ȼɫࡣ֮ɫʮѡͬΪ࣬룬зҲءӦ 
ۡøΡɫΪԡΪ࣬зҲءġɫΪࡱƢΪƣƢзҲءƢɫΪ 
ơΪףзҲء÷ΡɫΪסΪڡзҲءɫΪڡΪа 
ĶΪаҲ֪ɫҲһҲ֣䲡ȣ֮аӪȡΪа 
֮Ҳͬвʹв£֮λҡ֮Ҳ 
֪֮ 
Ȼõ֮Ϊ 
룬Ҳ֮Ҳءۡġ 
ƢΪƢҲ㣬֮ءƢ㡱ΪҲľ֮ءøΡ 
ΪҲˮ֮ءΪȳҲȣ֮ء÷ 
ȡ֪Ĳ֮䲡ȶҲҲʹаʹ 
ɢ֮ɢ򸡴֮Ҳ֪ʳ;֮ 
ȻõϲζҲΪʳ 
ʵΪʳƢܻȣʵܻȣʳʳ֮֡Ƿ硢ʪ⣬ʵ֮棬 
ʳ;룬⣬ԽŴ˶ϸ֮ƢζΪᣬʳ;֮Ҳء 
ӦۡøΡζΪᡱΪ࣬ʳ;֮ҲءġζΪࡱΪʳ; 
֮Ҳء÷ΡζΪΪ̣ʳ;֮ҲءζΪ̡ΪʡƢʳ; 
֮ҲءƢζΪʡ֪ƢаģΪϲζҲ䲡ȶأԣ֫աԣҲƢ 
⼰֫Ҳ֮Ƣ֮Ҳ֪˺֮ 
Ȼõޣ 
㣶Ҳ֮Ϊ˺ҲءӦۡøΡΪΪԣ˺ 
Ҳ 
Ϊ룬˺ҲءΪ롱Ϊޡ˺ҲءΡΪޡ֪аģΪ 
 
Ҳ䲡ȣ񺮡α࣬˺Ҳ򴭿ȣ棬򴭶ȡ֡顤ƪơ 
ȡɬ֮ɬ֮Ҳ֪ʪ֮Ȼϲֹ֮ 
ʪ 
ΪʪҲ顤 
ۡơáΪʪҲ顷áƢΪѣƢʪҲ顷áƢѡΪ飬 
ʪҲ顷÷顣Ϊ١ʪҲ顷á١֪аģΪֹҲߣ 
УΩֹΪаҲ䲡ȣСʹС֮λֺ棬֣֮أ 
η䣬ʪҲ妶󡣣֮妣ʪ֮򡣴ҲԸߡǳ 
Ҳа֮ҲָνøβɫĲڳƢζβҺԱ֮ 
Ϊа֮ԴƿҲ 
ʮԻòаʵаа΢ааԱ֮ 
ȻôӺΪа֮֮ 
ҲνҲаЮˣΪаǰΪʵаǰҲ֮ߣ 
ˣƱΪʵаʤΪаʤҲƣаЮ 
ΪаʤΪ΢аʤҲңа಻룬Ϊ΢а 
ԲΪаԲԸ֮аҲ֮Ĳз֮Ϊаз磬аҲ֮νз 
òҲģνӺҲ·´ˡ֮ΪаԲҲʳ;֮ΪʵаƢҲ 
˺֮Ϊ΢аĿ˷Ҳʪ֮ΪаҲ 
ʮһԻòߣúߣüߣвüߣͬںอҲ? 
Ȼòú 
 
ߣڸҲ£ߣҲ֮ҲءۡơáΪ 
úˣʤϲȡɢˡҲءáΪ 
£ջʤϲ¶񺮡أջҲԱ֪อ֮Ҳ 
ʮԻø෢ȷ񣿣ָ֮ ֮࣬Ի 
ȻòҲ䲻κΣ 
Ȼ 
ಡߣֹƣ䲡䴦ಡˣܲҲ౾޳ɣʲೣƶҲ 
ߣ·죬УӴ޳ܲҲ·Ҳ죬ڶҲϺ£޶ 
λкأ޳䲡ˡԴ֪อͬҲ 
ʮԻþߴ䴫νҲߴ֮Ҳ䴫֮мһ 
Ҳ 
ȻߴߣʤҲʤ֮ҲߣҲӣҲ֮ĲΣ 
δΣδƢƢģϽԴʤ֮ࡣһ಻ˣߴҲˣνθĲ֮Ҳ 
ߴνĲģ࣬ιҲ䴫ߣҲһ޴˶䣩ĲƢΣ 
Ƣ߷֮ĸ֮ӣмһ࣬򲻴ҲƢΣδΣδģĸഫνĸ 
Ҳܣһʼ绷޶ˣִƢΪ֮ҲԻһԣҲ 
ʮԻಡΣΣνҲ 
ȻಡߣʤҲߣҲߴ 
ͬҲ 
ʮԻòлоۣԱ֮ 
ȻûߣҲߣҲаɻа۶ɾҲ 
Ի֮Ҳ֮塣֮塣֮Ի֮Իۡ 
֮ҲߣɣߣδɢҲʻߣߣҲ 
֮ҲڶɻɾۣҲߣҲ 
ʼһʼ֣гжλҲʹ䲿䲿֮Ҳʼ 
 
̴֮СѭҲߣҲʼ޸޶λҲֹ޶Ҳʹ޳ 
޶ҲǱ֪Ҳ 
ʮԻ֮Ժ¡յ֮ 
Ȼø֮ԻʢҲв£縲 
в֮λĩСľ֮Ҳͷ㡣ͷ㣬һĩľҲò˷棬 
ű棬ϳڷΣʤҲ űնΪ շΪű֮״Ҳ겻ѡԲ 
ʱҲԼ켺յ֮ʱ켺ոҲ·´ˡ֮βΣνಡʤ 
Ҳ·´ˡεƢƢƢʱ֮Ҳ߲ааˡθΣβܣ 
ľֲʤνҲ·´ˡΪаڸҲ֪Լ켺յ֮֮Իب 
Ҳϣۣ¡£֮Ҳò˷ġģ֮״Ҳ 
յ֮֮ģĵΣԣһ֣߲аܣ 
Ϊ֪յ֮ 
Ƣ֮ԻƦƦƦͨҲθ䣬̡θ䣬н֮أƢ֮Ҳò֫ 
գƢ֫գа۶ҲƵƵƤצĿԻɫʪȲҲƢлͣɫ 
ҲءƽۡáƳ࣬ԻƵԻáĿԻƵʳΪƢ⣬ܲ 
ҺΪҲԶɹյ֮֮βƢƢԶ߲аƢΣ 
ܣΪ֪ƦԶɹյ֮֮ԻϢڣϢڣϢҲв£֮λҲ 
籭òѣȣƤëƤҲȣ֮ագӷƣ 
ҲԴյ֮֮ĲΣεΣԴ߲аθģĲܣ 
Ϊ֪ϢԴյ֮ 
֮Ի࣬״֮ͻҲٸ£ٸ֮֡£Ķֹν 
Ҳ״궯Ҳϻʱòѣ˴棬ϳҲءۡ 
봭ǣʹ½ıյ֮֮Ƣ 
ģ߲аƢƢܣΪ֪ıյ֮֮ҪҲ 
ʮԻйм 
Ȼй壬ͬθйƢйдйСйдй 
֮ҲԻءרָйԣа½ᣬ׹Ҳθйߣʳɫơθ 
ʳ鲻йƣθ֮ɫҲƢйߣйעƢĥʳܻйעҲʳ 
Ż档Ƣȣ򷴳ҲйߣʳѾȣ㣬θʵע£Ȳٴ 
Ҳɫף𣬹ɫסʹ˳ʹСйߣѶŧѪÿС㣬 
ŧѪ£ֱ£ǰС಻ҲСΪ 
ѪѪܲΪŧѪҲٸʹС֮´ף׽ٸٸʹҲйߣа 
£ ɢҲＱأȣ׹ܱ㣬ΩＱޣΩأʲ 
㣬᲻ɢ֮ҲʹܴаС㣬ʾʹй֮ҪҲ 
ʮԻ˺мб䲻һ 
Ȼ˺壬з磬˺ʪ£Ȳ² 
ͬ˺ͳҲߣ˺֤֮Ҳ 
з֮妶֮֮֮󣬷ΪаʸҲ 
˺ۡơá̫֮ΪơáΪ硱顤аอƪơáʢ΢ȡ֡ءƽ 
ۡơáԻ硣ʢ飬妶Ҳʪ֮妶Сʪ 
аʢСҲ˺֮ʢɬаˣӪ 
ˣʢߣ֮󡣡˺ۡơáߣԻ˺ơΪɬߣѪΪ 
Ҳ顤аอƪáɬ߶Ѫ΢кȲ֮㸡ʢ㸡 
Ҫԡơáȡ֮֮ɢɬ֮νȡ֮֮νȡ֮Ҳʢ⣬ɢɬ˥ 
Ҳ²֮֪ξ֮Ҳ侭ڶȡ֮²֮һںξ 
֮Ҳ˺кν亹 
Ҳ֮ߣк֮ߣҲ 
Ȼʢ֮ϡ塷̨ 
ν͡Ϊʢаڱ˷֮а﷥޹ʢ飬֮ 
νﲡ͡Ϊʢ飬а˼£֮ 
֮֮Ҳȣָԡ֮Ժ䲡ںδҲ 
ȻƤߣƤа֮ 
ǳҲƤɽϯаƤҲë һ£ͬúƤë 
ڱǣƤаëɶǿ²ҲúӪҲߣƤ֮ҲƤʹ 
֮аƤʹ ޺Ƣ⣬ڿڣʼаܲҲǺߣ 
аһ֮УðҲעݣݱ ʹǣҺΪ֮࣬ʹǲҺй 
Ϊݿ¶ʹҲ 
ʮԻÿ֮Ա֮ 
Ȼÿ񼲣һ޼֣֮ʼʼδ֮ʱҲԶ 
ʢԡϣʲԸҲԱҲƹһƣҲ߽Կ֮ 
ҲЦø֣вҲ߿̬֮ҲԶɢ࣬״ˡ񲼲һʼ 
ⲻ֣֮Ҳֱӡһֱӽ̬֮͡ҲԾ㣬״ˡ 
ʢҲ϶߶ԣʢʢҲ 
ʮԻͷ֮ʹʹʣҲʹҲʹͷʹʹҲʹͷʹ 
ʹҲνҲ 
Ȼܷ֮纮ȥߣͷʹС󳦡Ҳءá֮ 
ͷʷ纮ͣͷʹҲߣͷʹԣаҲھԣԻ 
档ɣɣνƫʤаҲʹʹģģޱҲ 
ߣ࣬а֮λѪɫҲʹʹߣϡ塷νµǷһͷ֣ 
ϦϦΪ֮٣а֮Ҳ顤аƪáߣ֮Ҳ֮Ҳ 
̣аݣ֮ˣȥȥӡҲ 
ʮһԻþ֪֮ν֮񣬣ν֮ɫ֪䲡֮ڣ硶ءƪ顤ɫƪ 
Ҳʥ֪֮νŶ֪֮ν֮ʥţνŲ֮Ҳ硶顤ƪ棬ȡء 
ӦۡΡΪġΪЦ֮Ҳʥν֮Ҳʶ֪֮ν֮ʣ 
νʲ֮䰮ϲŭҲ硶顤ƪáζ磬Ķȡǣϲ֮Ҳר 
֮ν֪֮ν֮ɣ֮꡶顷ءǰСɣҲνҲ 
Ȼ֪֮ߣɫ֪䲡ɫ֮ɫŶ֪֮ߣԱ䲡 
֮Ҳ̡֮ǡ꡶顤ζƪʶ֪֮ߣζ֪䲡 
ҲһҲ֡ζϲ֮ζ顤ʦƪáٲ㡣𣬲֮ڣ֮ 
Ҳ֪֮ߣڣʵ֪䲡ںอҲอ֪֮䲡ںอҲ 
֪֮Իʥ֪֮Ի񣬴֮νҲ⣬ɫҲڣҲ 
ʮԻྮ壬ߣνҲ壬ν䡢Ҳν䡢ԭ 
ҲѨ꡶顤ƪ 
ȻøߣҲҲһᣬһ ԻԭᣬѨҲ 
顤ƪ֮ѨΪԭԶ֮ѨԾ֮ʱһѨԻԭҲ 
һԶ֣ߣһҲһννԳҲ걸ʮ 
С 
ʮԻáʮ䡷ԣϣԾΪʼߣΣһν֣ҲѨֹεȾ 
䡢ξκϣԾΪʼ 
ȻþߣҲ顤ƪԾľʱ䴺Ҳ֮ʼ 
KT дϢ 䶯KT  䣬Գ֮״ϢϢ֮һһ֮Ҳ֮ 
ĪԴ֮֮ѪȻҲʼڴʼڼףľսʼľ 
ʷﾡȻԾΪʼҲ 
ʮԻáʮ䡷ԣľˮᣨһ ľ 
ˮԲͬҲԻԻľλ𡢴ν𡢴ˮ 
𣬴ˮľλ𡢴ѭ֮Ҳ 
ȻǸ֮ҲԴ˸֮ҲľΪľ𣬣Ϊ𡣣ߣ 
֮Ҳңߣ֮ҲľϣΪҲΪľľҲΪ𣬹 
ҲԷ´ˡָ࣬ᡢҲ´ˣνˮԴ֮Ҳ 
ʮԻþΪΪϣ꡶顤ƪγΪڳΪҲ䷨κΣ 
ȻΪߣҲľΪľҲ֮һ֣֮ʼΪҲ 
Ϊϣ 
ߣҲˮΪˮҲأΪҲʱ֮֮Ѩ 
֮壬ǰʮͬ 
ʮԻþԷ֮ԭ̫Ԩ̫ԨƺС֮ԭڴꣻ꣬ƺº 
䣬֮ѨҲԱѨ֮ԭ̫壻̫壬ָںСƢ֮ԭ̫ף̫ 
ףָڲС֮ԭ̫Ϫ̫Ϫ׺֮֡ԭڶҹǣ 
ҲҹǣѨƺǶС֮ԭ棻棬ǰСθ֮ԭڳ 
ϣȥͥ߹Ǽ䶯֮ԭأأֱС֮ԭھǣ 
ǣСָࡢں°С֮ԭںϹȣϹȣִָָǼСС֮ 
ԭǡǣࡢǰС 
ʮᣨһ ΪԭߣҲ 
Ȼᣨһ ͬߣ֮Уֹ֮ҲʮӪΪ֮УӪ֮Ӫ 
ֹֹ֮֮Ҳ֮ΪԭߣҲԺ֮ΪԭҲ 
Ȼ 
ߣ֮Ҳʮ֮ҲԻԭ˼ʮ֮ҲʮСߣ 
ԭ֮ʹҲԸԭԻʹͨϡС֮ 
Ҳԭߣ֮Ҳ֮Ի䱾֮ԻԭšֹΪԭ֮вߣ 
ȡԭҲΪԭʹڣԭڣʼԭ֮֮ߣȡҲ顤ʮ 
ԭƪơáмȡ֮ʮԭʮԭߣ֮ʮζҲ˵ 
ʮԻļᣨһ  һԡ֡ߣνҲļĺ۴Ҳ 
ᣬʷǡȵ䡱ί֮ҲҲļиļƢļξ 
ļļθļļθСļԪļļ 
мļʯѨڸҲҲءۡá֮壬֮顤 
ƪơá֮䣬役֮䣬߽֮䣬ھŽ֮䣬Ƣʮһ֮䣬ʮĽ 
֮䣬ȥ׵Ҳİ׵£ʮ׵£Сʮ׵£ʮ׵£θ 
ʮ׵£ʮ׵£ʮ׵£Ѩȥ磬̫ڱҲ 
Ȼļᣨһ ͬҲڸڱ 
ڱļڸԲɾ籾ͨᣬ֮ת֮Ҳ 
ʮԻоᡢϣԺԴѨ֮κβҲ 
ȻþΪ 
ΪעΪᣬΪΪϡʼԴҲʢҲעעҲУͨҲ 
룬ɹҲ䱾顤ʮԭƪͬȣؽʹ 
Ⱥȣйʮ֮Ϊľ֮ΪĻ֮ؽʹΪƢ֮ 
ȺΪν֮йΪˮ֮Ȼһ˶没ȡѨ֮ʵˣִһ˵֪ 
ͨҲᡢҲ 
ʮԻþ߲֮ʵк֮ʵ飬Ծȡ֮νҲ飬ѪҲʵѪʵҲ֮ 
òҲк֮кҲ˵꡶ءаۡƪԾȡ֮ѭ䱾˴֮ѨҲ 
Ȼ߲ĸʵкӣȲ֮Ȼк֮ĸ֮Ҳĸʵ֮ 
ӣ֮ʵкľҲ˥ʳĸʮѡʵ飬һ鲻ʵԾ 
ȡ֮ߣаҲȡ侭Ծȡ֮Բʮ֮Ҳȡ侭 
ڱȡ֮ѨزĸкҲ 
ʮԻãһСԡ֣ĴǳﶬߣνҲ顤ʼƪơáëƤ 
ڷ⣬ڽǣ̴˲ߣʱΪ롣以ͬҲ 
Ȼôߣϣ 
ϣʵǳȡ֮ﶬߣ££ʵȡҲν֮νӪ֮ϣν 
Ƥ֮ϡ£ν֮Сǳȡȡ䲡֮ڣҲĸһﶬһߣνҲ£ 
ȡҲνȡҲ 
Ȼô£һߣ룬֮֮֮Ҳ£ʱҲ 
ʢ㣬ȡԲҲ֮νν֮λν֮֮Ҳﶬ 
һߣ룬ǳ֮ķ֮֮ҲʱҲʢ㣬ȡԲҲ 
֮νǳķƤѪ֮λƣν֮֮Ҳ˼ν֮塣 
νıһﶬһ 
ʮһԻþԴӪӪνҲӪѪڣ⣬Ӫв 
޹Ҳ˼ءۡơá̹˽̽⣬ƤƤ⣬˽ 
̽˹ǡ֮塣 
Ȼߣ֮Ҳ⣬ǳʲ룬ӪҲ 
ߣ㰴֮ɢ롣ӪҲӪڣعӪȻɢ 
֮ʹ䴦ֱӪҲνӪӪҲ 
ʮԻþ֪ӭ֮֮֮νҲ顤ʼƪơáĩ 
ࡣкӭ֪֮֮ӭ֪棬֮ͣͨıˡ⣬ʴ 
ĩʼڣʴʼӭߣӭ֮Իкߣȥ֮Իͨ 
ߣ֮ʵʩкҲʮС 
Ȼνӭߣ֪Ӫ֮У֮Ҳ˳ 
ȡ֮Իӭ档֪˳νӭ֮壬Խ֮Ҳ˵׷ף⣬Ǿѧ֮ӣ 
֮ߣ֪֮Ի֮⡢ڡ 
ʵ֮к֮Ҳ 
ʮԻߣǳٲʹҲ֮κΣָĩϣƼǳڼ 
֮ڣ٣΢ʹνкӦҲ 
ȻߣľҲߣҲߣľ֮ӣ̾ߣ 
к֮к֮Ҳò򵱲ϣơȻΩѨΪȻٲΪккӲĸ 
ӦҲ 
ʾԣһƣ߲Ϊкк߲Ϊ֮νҲкӣĸʩ 
ʮԻþԴ̾ĴĴᣬ̺̾ߣνҲ侭޿ 
Ȼô̾ߣа 
ڸΣĴߣаģĴߣаƢ̾ߣаڷΣ̺ߣаΪҲ 
봺ľĽ𣬺붬ˮʱв֮Ӧʴ̷ʱҲ 
ΡġƢΡϵڴġߣҲ 
ȻһҲ֤֮Ҳ 
βɫ߸Ҳ߸Ҳϲ߸Ҳϲ߸Ҳϲ߸Ҳ˵ʮС˾а֮ڸߣ 
Ҳ䲡ڶ࣬ɾҲ֮䣬ʤҲʱϵڴġҲԲ 
䣬ʱʵж֮֮ܲˣԼҲ֮ҪҲ֮ 
΢֮֮䣬ַʱ֮öѧֲ׶Ҳ 
ʮԻþԶʵ飬кϷνҲ˼ʮк֮ϷΪ֮ӣ 
Ϊ֮ӡ֮ĸ˵ġ 
ȻýľˮƽƽԽľľѭƣ 
һʢҲľҲҲľʵƽ֮ʵˮƽ֮ʵľƽ֮ʵ 
ƽ֮ˮʵƽ֮бȻ֮Ҳ߸Ҳ֪ʵ߷Ҳ֪顣кϷ 
ˮϷ𣬻ߣľ֮ҲʵкҲˮˮߣľ֮ĸҲˮʤ𣬣ľ֮ĸʤľ֮Ҳ 
ĸʵĸ飬ľ֮ӻΪľ֮ĸˮˣˮ֮Իĸʵˮ˻֮ܶԻ 
ĸ顣кˮ𲻵ƽľҲĸʵк˥ˮ˷ĸ飬 
ĸˮƲ𲻸࣬ܿ˽𣬶ʳľ֮Ըʹ죬ľվ˥ 
ƽľҲҾΪġ 
Իò飬֮࣬νҲν֮ˣֹȡһΪкҲ岻 
֮Ҳܣﾭ޿ 
ʮԻúνк֮ʱȡк֮ʱȡΪк֮֮ 
εҲ 
Ȼõ֮ʱȡк֮ʱӪȡ䷨ʮСӪ 
νɢӪҲ㣬࣬Ȳк㣬࣬Ȳк 
˳ĶԲк֮ȵʵҲΪӪΪӪʵкӪʵ 
к䲹к֮ȺҲ顤ʼƪơáʢ飬Ȳк֮ʢ 
к֮˵֮ҲӪͨУҪҲƽӪ֮ͨӡҪνҪ 
Ҳ 
ʮԻþϹδйѲߣνҲ 
Ȼνδߣ֪֮ε֮Ƣľ 
ҲʵƢܸ֮аƢΣܿҲԻδɡйѲߣ 
֮ഫһθΣרθζаƢƢֲνʲδѣ²ҲԻѲҲ 
ʮԻвкνҲ 
Ȼòк֮ǱغҲءаۡơá룬 
裬룬ȥԳԻк룬ԾΪʣ룬 
䴦ƺţ棬ֹԻ˺֮ԽΪڴˣ 
Ҳ֪Ϊߣ󣻲֪Ϊߣҡν䷨ȫ֣ҲңϺ 
Ҳ֣Իҡ֮ʱһб֣ᰴ֮Ŭָ֮ 
ҲŬҲצ֮צҲ֮綯֮״Ѫ֮ 
֮Ҳ˳֮ν룬֮Ҳƶ֮룬֮Ҳν 
֮νҡҲνкŮڣ֮֮⣬Ů֮Ӫ֮ڡ 
νʮҲӪѣ޹ʮһҲ 
ʮԻþӭ֮飿֮ʵ֮ʵʧʵ֮飬ޣν 
Ҳ 
Ȼӭ֮ߣкҲ֮ߣĸҲӭ棬ʮѡ顤ʮԭƪ 
ĸԱԣʮָĸҲĲкᣬνӭ֮Ҳ 
ν֮ҲĲ𣬱ȡ࣬侭ἰкӭ 
֮֮Ҳȥ֮ľ֮ĸҲ 
νʵ֮ߣ妣һΣ֮ҲʵΪãΪʧԻʧҲָ֮Ҳ 
ʵΪã΢ΪʧԵʧӡ 
ʮԻþм룬мߣνҲ侭޿ 
Ȼνмߣνּ 
룬ʮν֮״ҲνáмµǷм֡˳롣 
ɢҲνм룬мҲϡ塷á'ͨá 
ʮһԻþʵʵ飬࣬ʵк֮˲к֮ߣ 
֮ߣ֮Ҳļ顤ʮԭƪǴҮʵҮһҲν 
ʵߣָ֪ԣָҲκΣ֮Ҳ 
ȻǲνҲν 
ʵҲʵ飬ľҲ߽Ҳľƽ˵ʮС֪ƽľԵкϷ 
Ҳʵһ֪֡飬΢벻ΣʵΣӡ 
Իʵʵ飬ࡣߣй֮ҲνΩ䲡Ҳ 

