<ƪ>˺ҽ
˺ҽ
ߣ  
  
ݣԪ1644-1911  

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<ƪ>
ԣ˺ҽߡֳ԰༯Ҳϧƪ֮ȱһδ顣ʲ 
ͽӳµš¬硣֮ҽҲѧ֮ѧ֮ܳ־ճز֮ 
һƪԲȱϳƪƪɡ԰ӡӵӡ 
档רھС԰עɾʮҩһִ֮˶û 
áϸУ϶¼֮ԴֵѲȫɼ֪̽Ӿ 
ΡӡۼҽԳ԰µԡ԰ʮһҽ 
ʾ౾ƲҲֶӡӸ˺ҽ¼һͨࡣ಻ÿ 
ءпֲŲԾϾۼȻʵ˺ǳעδ޴ٸʮ 
ҩע϶֮᪻Ƽرӡ֮᪻ߡĬᾫ󡣻У 
ǳҲþԵΪ֮ڼƶ 
\x̷ոѲ \x 

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<ƪ>
ԣټ˺ǳעپʮ߷ݷѧδڻͨҪּҲ 
ªΪ۹Ի˺ҽ⡣ϸ΢֮档ķѿġ԰ӡν 
ڴ˵šȻ־֮ʿܼ Ѱ졣ѣǶǡδطǻ 
֮һҲ 
\xֳ԰ʶ\x 

<Ŀ¼>һ
<ƪ>̫ƪ
ԣ̫Ϊˮ֮һ֮ 
ν̫֢ԻͷʹǿȶҲаʵа֮档 
Ժ硣Ϊа˹֦˾չ⡣ű״ȡ䲻СҲ˹ 
֦Ƹǰδò亹ľáС亹֦󺹳 
űٷߡаδҲ˹֦һ֮󡣲д֮аδ 
Ӻ֮ҩƷ 
޺񺮡Ϊʵа޺ߡʯཪ档Żȡȥ 
ʡζɽϸҩΪС˶֮Ӽ֮ܲΧ 
˶α֮Ҳ 
ν̫֢ԻаȥΪ֮ҲˮѪ֮档 
̫˿ڿʡ겻ߡС㲻ˮ뼴¡Ϊˮ֢ɢ 
̫СӲСΪѪ֢ʳ 
˶α֮Ҳ 
ν̫֢Իʧˡ֮һҲ 
Ӧ¶֮ȡʹԾ֮Թ֦Ծʹ֮ 
ͷʹʹ 
󺹴ߡ֮ 
̫̫©ֹ˶硣Сѡ֫΢졣֦Ӹ֮ 
̫̫ѪаڷԷȡ¼¡ͷѣ ߨߡ֮ 
Ժ̫֢֮ࡣ̫ΪҲ 
ʢڡ֦󺹳󡣴󷳴ʲ⡣ߡ׻˲֮ 
˺º߰ղ⡣Ƚȡʱʱ硣ʡϸˮߡ׻ 
˲֮ 
˺աΪ֢ͷʹȡΪ֢ⲻ⡣ڲͨҲ֮ͶԽӡ 
ȡ⡣ű״ȡҲʵߡ֮ߡ˷ 
֦ 
ߡҲ񺮵ߡʵҲθθ 
̫δ⡣ͣͣ߳ͲҲ߳ߴҲ˽⡣΢ߡȺ⡣ 
΢ߡ֮⡣֮˵θ΢ͣҲ 
Ժʧˡȳ֢֮ࡣ̫ഫҲ 
νˮΪ̫šԻа̫ںˮ֮ˮΪˮ 
ΪˮǰΪС㳤 
̫Ϊˮ֮а֮ˡ뷢Ƥ֦֮֮֮ 
С֮֮Ϊ˷֮巨Ҳ 
ܾ֮ߡΪˮˮ¡ŻȡСȶˮˮ뼴¡Իˮ 
档ɢƦӲʳвˮߡڸС 
¡кˮϽߡɢ֮Ҳ֮СӲʹɽ 
ˮᣩ١ء˴ǿ ֮״˴衣ǲ 
Ҳֹ¡֮ʼʹСءа硣С 
֢ʵءɢƦӲвʹŻ񺮡֮ 
ͨʮˮнк֮Ҳͷʹǿⷢȡ޺΢ʹС 
ߡ֮ˮСӪԹ֦ȥ֮߰ˮ½ 
ߡ֮Ҳ 
ھơ̫֮ϡ֮νҲ֮¡֮Ҳ֮¡֮ҲԻ̫ӱӱꡣԻ 
̫ 
ΪȲԻ˺һա֮ͷʹǿ 
˺ơ̫֮Ϊͷǿʹ񺮡 
ơ̫ȺߡΪз硣 
ơ̫з硣ߡԷߡԳĶ񺮡硣ⷢȡŻߡ 
֦֮ 
ơ̫ͷʹȡʹǽʹ硣޺ߡ֮ 
̫һ֮һ㡣ʱ̫б֮ڼк˹֦ 
ڷ޺֮õһ΢񺮡ɫɫа 
δصС⡣˹֦Ƹз֦󺹳űٷǼ 
˹֦һǶ֮ҲȻμ֮ξ֮ 
̫֮ڱھơа䡣ǿǿKT KT ޺硣øǿKT KT  
硣ù֦Ӹ֮Ҳ̫֢֮ʷȡ 
֮Ʒ̫֮Ժ֢þù֦ҩʲԸ֢֦֢졣Ωμ 
졣̫֮Ⱥ֮֮Ҳ޺֢ӸʸԸ֢֤ 
ơΩڿʷȶ޶񺮡򷢺ȲơΪ²֤֮Ȼ׹̫ 
ָ̫֮֡ȶԡΪһ֮١ھܽҲƹ֦ԽһΪ 
ȡȶຮ١΢Իڱ֮ҲԻɷԲɷ̫ 
֮ҲôֱԽ֮ҲֿɽΪ֮Ҳ 
Ȼ̫Ϊ׼̫֮Ҳ̫޺΢ʹС㲻ȡ 
˹֦ȥ߰СзС㲻΢֢֮з緢 
ȡղ⡣Ϊ֢ˮΪ֢Ի֢ˮ¡Իˮ֤֤ 
ɢůˮԳ˱֢֮ηҲʹꡣΪ 
֤֮߶衣С⡣ˮͣ¶ҭ֮󺮴ɢΪˮ֮ 
֮Ӽ֮ܲΧ֦ȥҩ֦֢¡衣 
֦ȥҩӸǰ֢ٶ΢񺮶衣֦Ӹ򷢺̫© 
ֹ硣Сѡ֫΢衣ҺȡԹ֮ 
ֹҺҲ֮󡣲ѽ⸴֦֢֦⡣̷ط縮ȴ 
֦㡣ܲڹ֦֤ͷʹȺ˸֮⡣֪̫η֦ 
ƶ֮󡣸ٷ֦֦֮֮󡣲ٷ֪̫֮ 
Ϊˮ߽֮϶ࡣ߽١걾没ȶຮΪ˺ߵ֪ 
ӡ̫Թ֦ƶΪһߵסǧעҡ޴༴֮һ 
֮Ҳ 
̫һһ㡣аҪ֮ʹ϶вܳؽ 
֮תԴ̫֮ҲСΪ̫ƪ֮Ҫ˲֪øΪʧ֮Զ 
ӡ۹ֵ֦֤֤աաʮա֮ڡؽתּȡ 
಻תֳز֮в̫֮вΪ֮ࡣĬĬʳķĬ 
ĬķϲŻʳθͶϲŻŻ衣ϲҲĶ 
θзŻ֮ʡ̫֮Ƣʹ֮ 
вƦӲ֮¼¶С㲻̫֮ת֮ơ򲻿 
΢ȡ̫֮ߡСΪȻ֤֮Ӽ̫֮ 
⡣СŻֹ¼΢֮ƽθ̫ƪв 
֮䲡д֮⡣Բ֮δ֮аԲԴ֮ 
޷ǳ˻֮༴ƹ֦һ֮Ҳ 
ƶ̫֮֮ڡʵΪС֤Ϊк֤̫ 
֮жͷжڸ϶¡ӱ½ڰҡΪʳ֤ 
ضڰҡΪֵ֤Īǹ֦ƶӦòá֮ʧա̫ 
ηʮѡȨ䷨Ҳʹ˺ߡ֮򻺻֢֮ 
к޺Ӷ֦֮֮Ƶȷаȴӡߡ 
Ӷ̫֮֮ϲӰκϲŻߡ 
̫ϲ˼ӰκϲŻߡ׻ϲƸߡΪ 
ȺǰҲߡΪ̫ȺںҲתߡΪȺڲҲ 
ƿڲʶ湸ߡȺ֮ҲߡȺ֮ҲߡȺ̫֮Ҳ 
Ϊ֮ϡֱصԺ֤֮ð׻֮ķ˹аֶ⡣Ϊ֮ 
ʵ֮⡣อ֮졣̵ƦԼܴ֮ʵҽ 
вѪ֮ࡣͬΪ˺֮򡣲þ֮ӡʯ˺ 
ƦӲθδ̵֢֮͡߹֦ʲº 
а⡣Ϊ֤֮ơ֧˴Ʀᡣơ̵в֧Ŀѣơ 
 ߱зƷ򶯾ߡаɷ侭Ҳг˺ 
ղ㡣ͷʹȡ̫ءԴ֮ʹ֮ҲС˺ 
աļ¶Ѫ˸ʲĶ¡ 
ͷʹʹԾݡΪȨ֮ù֦Ƶȷֲܱ 
벻֮ס򺹳аɢдѪ֮зԻٺ 
ѬơơʢСѡΣ֢ҩСߡ 
֦֤֮ⲻ⡣ȽסѪСᡣʳ֮ṥ 
֤⡣΢˿аءֱٸӲΪ 
ᡣСΪˮΪѪѪ¡عʼ¡еֵ֮Ҳ򺹳 
ߨء 衣Ϊ֤֮зѪҺʹߡΪ 
֦ҩ˲¼֤з˲ðϲߡΪ֦ʲ֤з 
¼¡ࡣΪ߹֦ʲݴ֤зӪ 
ΪŨʲ˲ΰ֤з󷴶񺮡顣Ϊҩʲݸ֤и 
С۶޷֮Ϊ֮ѧ˾ɡ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ƪ
ԣ⡣ںθС 
ν֢ԻĿʹǸɲߡҲδ̫Ѱ̫֮档 
ͷʹ񺮡̫֢δաԺ˹֦ǿKT KT ֦Ӹ֮޺ 
ǿKT KT ֮ 
ͷʹ񺮡׳ȿڿʡѰ̫Ϊ֢֮˰׻֮ 
ν֢ԻҸ ȻӲҲ̫֮档 
̫֮ʧҺ̫֮ȡθת֢СӲ˺ν֮Ƣ 
Լ衣̫֢֮Ҳ 
֮ʧҺ֮аθתΪ˺νΪѡ 
ۼ嵨֢֭֮֮Ҳ 
ʢʳа롣θ˺νΪθʵ֮ 
֢֮Ҳ 
ھδ̫˺̫֮֮ڸء֮ھ֮硣֮ɡ֮ 
ɡ֮ɡ·ϲơθʵ֢ʸɡڸɿڿࡣ̦ԡ 
ʶС㲻θ֮ߡϤ֢پƺǿ̫а֮·¼ 
а֮·ʹĸ֮аϳڿڡһĸ档֮Ϥӡȼȳθ塣 
θ֮ʵΪ֮ʥ 
ھơ֮ϡ֮νҲ֮¡֮Ҳ֮¡֮ҲԻӱ걾Ӻ 
мߡӻҲԻΪءȲԻ֮⡣ЮǡĿ 
ĿʹǸɲҲ˺෢ȡ˶ߡ⡣Ҳаθ򷳡 
Ҳ 
˺ơԻ̫νҲԻ̫ߡƢԼҲ̫ 
⡣̫֮ȡ֮ȡƢ֮ҺΪƶԼߡθʵҲΪ 
̫֮мʪ֮ʵߡС㡣θʵҲ֮ϡ 
֮󷢺С㡣Һߡʢθʵӡ 
֮ΪθʵҲ֮֡ΪθʵһҲ˽Ϊ֮١Ң 
ơθʵְθʵӲҲϲơ㡣θʵơ˺աȡת 
ʧ ֤θʵ˵֮ͬԻΡ 
Ի֤ƺΡԻȡȻȴ⡣̫ȲͬԳʢ 
Ȼ⡣̫֮Ժͬ񺮡⺮ѽ⡣ȡʢҲҢơ˽ںһڡΪ 
֤һһ֮١ֻθʵ֮ʢ֤֮񺮷֮顣㱸 
֤֮ 
м̫֮ʪ̫ʢΪθʵ֮پθʵΪ 
֤١̫֮֡ΪθʵһҲҸ֤֮Ⱥ 
񺮷ȡ֪θʵ֤ж⡣ɶΪҲ֤ڱ˴Ӻ 
ߡ֪ࡣ΢˹֦޺߾̫֤֮ߡ䲻ͷʹ 
ǿҲѰաزá١֤ԴһҲ 
֤֤ת֤аʢ֤֤ʳʳ֤к֤д 
֤ͬʵ졣Դһ֤߲֮˿֮Ҳ 
νܡΪ֤֮ȺԳ񺮷ȡΪڴ֮ 
֤е֮һաɢն԰աԺȡΪ纮֤֮ 
֮Ҳ 
εת̫Һθиת߹̶ࡣб̫ʱ̫ 
֮溹йΪһҶתߡз޺Żʳʱ 
θ֮򷢺 ȻΪתߡ¶תߡת֮Ҳ 
ν顣ƪʮơʳθ䡣ȱܡθ֮Ҳʮ߽ơ 
١ʳñ΢ͷѣСѡ֮ʡԾ֮Ҳʮ˽ơ 
޺Ƥ״ߡҲƤ֮Ҳ޷ֲ²֮ڶʮơ 
Żࡣ֤ɹ֮Żθ顣ʵ֤֮󹥶θ鲻 
Ҳڶʮ߽ơӲߡɹ֮֮첻ֹֹ¡ֹӲ 
ʹΪ֮ʵ߸顣֮֮֮ 
ӡʵ߲Ҳʮ˽ơϳɫɹ֮֮طɫơС㲻 
֮ѭ档֪Ѭ֮֮ΪɫơС㲻֢ʵ鲻 
Ҳ֪֤θʵΪ١Ωм̫֮ʪʵм顣ǰעҡ 
֪Ӵ˷ӡ»֤ߡ԰׻ǧҲ 
νаʵ֤аΪȻаɢ⡣ʴ󺹡ð׻ȶҺа 
ڳθóȶʵΪ衣֮ɱˡʮһڡ 
ϲĩһơԺߡð׻ԵҪ֤² 
¡θ顣θͨġķһ֤֪θ͡θʮŽ 
Ҳڴ֤١֪а亹񺮡ء 
֮Сȡ֤ȷߡԻ񺮶ȡаθرΪҲ֤ 
С֪Ӳ֮ȷߡԻ Ȼθ֫Ӳߡ֮ͨ 
Ϊ Ȼ֮Ϊ֤֮򲻹ʺСֻΪС֤ȻС಻ 
Ҳա֪ʺС֮븹жתʧߡ 
֮תʧߡΪθ֮顣Ӳ硣²ʳӡжʮŽڡ 
ʮڡʮһڡǱ档ҽνаʵȻʮڡʵ֣֮֡ 
ֱΪѶᡣΪƢβΪƢ̡˽֮ʮ 
ʮڡʵа̶ࡣ಻ɸΪʵа֮ΪҲơ顣 
ġǹθθóθ粻ͨġθ֮ͨ塣پʾԷ 
ڷҲ 
νʳʳзʳԷܹĶ֮ҲкʳԺܾܱ֮ 
Ҳкּ֮ڵʮŽڡзּ֮ڵڶʮڡԺΪаС޺СΪ 
аСʲ񺮶ͷѣŻʳʳͷʹʹз纮֮Ҳ 
ν֮֡ƪʮĽơ١麮֮ҲƱߡº 
ˮҲﺮߡˮϺҲߡ 
ﲻϡ½ҲΪΡʮơθߡнҲ 
Ʋʳߡн䡣֮ҲˮߡöΪҲδ 
ΪΡ֮ʮơʳŻߡҲ֮˽໥෢Ҳʮ 
ơߡھҲƿڸɱߡѭϽҲʳ 
ߡھн֮θ֤ʳھ֮ȷ֤г· 
ӡ֮ʮڡʳŻơߡϽҲϽȶԡ˽໥෢Ҳ 
νӿھơ̫ΪΪءΪࡣߡʧҲʹӡ 
Ȼη俪һ֮ת֮ʮ߽ơ֮ȡ¡ءа  
ʳͷߡءҲ֮ʮ˽ơȡ硣С 
ԿɡвȥߡءڴС㡣ֹв֮䡣С֮С 
ʱҽֹ֪Ϊ֪֮Ϊ֮ҪҲʮŽơвӲԲ֮ 
ࡣ½ͨΪ㡣нΡθͶΪŻϽ͡ϡа̦ 
СϽͨҺ¡θ͡ Ȼ⡣Դת֮ߴҲһ̫֮ 
Գ֮ʮڡз硣Ҹʮ֡ǳעʮաֵа 
ߡ֪䲻֢֮ߡǲ̫֮ 
֮򡣸ߡǲ֮ࡣ̫֮Ϊ֤֮νӿ 
ߴҲ 
νͬʵ졣ھơ֮ںҲΪȲ֮ЮǡĿĿʹ 
Ǹɲߡֹ֮һ˶ԡپθʵ١Ǹ֤֮ȫҲ 
֮϶¶ѡƼӡνͬʵҲ 
νԴһ֡ԭѪ֤Ѫԭ֤¡ʮơ֤ 
ϲѪʺӲ㷴סɫغڡֵ֮ʮơޱ֤߰ 
աߡ֮Բ֮硣ڱҲȶ񺮡֮йҲ 
¡ѽ⡣⡣֪ȲѪ֮֮硣ȡ 
һСΪƼղ㡣ѪС˵ֵԹ֮һ¡Ϊ 
ֹЭȶŧѪδ¼һͷ֮ࡣͬһ֤ 
зߡڶʮһơ޺С㲻а ߡطơʮơ𡣶 
΢С㲻ߡطơʪҲʮơ˺ѡĿΪơΪʪ 
ʪ֮ƿ¡ʪ֮Ʋ¡δɢΪǡʮ߽ơ 
߰աɫС㲻΢ߡ֮ʪΪơԴƺ 
ﵼ֮СҲʮ˽ơ˺ƷߡӰƤ֮ʪѷ⡣ȫ֤ 
ȡƤƤζɫλҲʮŽơ˺طơ̳С 
֮˺֤δ⡣ʪ⡣ȡ΢ҲνԴһҲ 
η߿ءʵʵ֮ؼΪΪ֮Ҳۼ 
Ϊȡ֮Ҳθâϳлͨصʵ֮йø 
֮СΪθҲСרȡͨʺʲâ֮ϳл䲻֮ӡ 
͡ΪΪ֮͡ԻСҲ˴޲á֮ͨȶС 
Ѫ͡аʳ޲һɨΪ¼֮ߡ֮÷һаȥ 
ӡԶʮһСתʧΪʺԴ 
֮ʮСΪԡͨǳעӲ 
١ԽҺθС¡ع֮ڶʮڡϸζ֮ʮŽԺʺ 
θСΪҲ˿֮֮硣Աҡ޷׻׻Ȼ²֮⡣ս 
ơƦʵȫߡ֮Իδ⡣࿰Ϊ±çԺһҲȻм 
ȴƦʵ֤ʮơ˺աĿвˡ͡ޱ֤ѡ֤ 
ʴ㲻Ӳѡ΢ߡޱ֤޴ȡֹ΢ȡΪʵҲ֮˴ 
֮߿ҲʮһơȺߡֹ֮ȺӲʵ֤֮ 
֮ߡںӡ˴Ժ֮ڳҺҲʮơ 
⡣ʹߡ֮˴ԺȲڿϡѭ긹Ҳ֮⡣޼ 
֮ġвɹûߡʮơԡ֮˴֮ 
Ĥ֮ظ֮ͬҲǴ֤Ϊءҽҡ 
⡣Ѧիžϴѧİ˼ߡΪ֮ӡƪ֤Ϊ 
Ρ֢ԿڱƪʩΡ¡ƶߵ֮ԱҲ 
ԻʱͿϲν֤Ժ񺮷ȡ֮ⷢ 
ϲ֤Ȳֲ֪شȼʼ԰׻Ͷ֮ǲ֪ 
֮پ֮·˵Ϊ硣Իķа ߵ 
֤Ϊ֤δʵ֮Ҫҩ֮֮֮ǰ֮󡣷ʧ 
ּ֮Թϵɢ֮ӿ¡ƪСʧ֮Զӡ׫Խ¶ 
Ϊ󷨡ƪγӿ֮ԻСΪ֮Ȼ 
ԻΪۡӡʮʮڡƹ֦ġʮ˽ڡ֦ 
Ϊһһ֮šʵ¡˺ʮڡ񺮶ߡתҲ 
СߡӲʮաҲˮ֮Է֮ɢʮ 
ࡣȲáˮ಻׻˲ַˡΩɢƢת䡣 
ůˮԳӡ˿֪Ϊ֮ԭΪԴҺΪ 
Ȩ֮ҲʮơȡˮС㲻ߡ֮ˮ֮Ԣ 
ʧ֮ηơߡԺθ 
СҲˡ֪ˮԭΪԴҺΪȨ֮á߿롣 
߲롣Ժ֮硣ͬ顣Ȩ֮ΪҲ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ƪ
ԣ 
ν֢ԻڿࡣʸɡĿѣҲʵ֢֮档 
⡣вĬĬʳķϲŻΪ֢С 
⡣ƦӲ΢ŻֹΪʵ֢˴ 
ν֢ԻȡڰΪڰΪ֢޺⡣к 
ಫСƦʹŻ֢֮档 
ŻƦʹߡк 
ȶŻθаʹ˻ 
а򵨻¹Ƣ˻ 
θΪŻ˻˼Ӱ 
ķȹáԲͽⷨ 
ơ֮ϡ֮νҲ֮¡֮Ҳ֮¡֮ҲԻӱԻ 
ΪࡣȲԻ֮ѭвڶвʹ侭ǰѭв 
Ϊвʹ֢ 
˺ơ֮Ϊڿࡣӻ𻯡ʸɡʤɡĿѣɿѣҲ˽Ϊ֤֮١ 
֮ҲϲơĿߡν֮಻ν֮Ǳ֮֮ν 
Ҳܿءǡ֮󡣿ѣߡ߿϶ΪҲ˲֮⡣ 
֪Ω֪Բʷ֤ΪӲԡ 
𡣱걾졣ʴӱơΪľ֮ΪֹʮڡһԿڿʸ 
ĿѣΪܸ֮١ԾҲ²Ծڶзߡ֮ 
ӶС߶ǰҲĿߡ֮Ŀ Ҳߡ಻ 
ھҲߡ¶֮Ҳ¶ߡ 
İΡİΪ¡˸ζΪҲ֮а 
¡ܸзֳһҲ˺ϸߡΪ֮ϸΪа˾ 
֮Ҳͷʹߡ֮ͷǶΪʹ֮𡣷Ϊȡ֮ 
аҲɷߡҺθͶ 
֮Իθ˴θҲθθ򷳶ߡθת 
θ֮ΪʧְΪҲ֮а 
ɷֳַܸһҲΪ֮纮ת֮纮ִܸ 
ֳһ١ĽƱ̫⡣תߡת뼴תת֮ 
֤ҲвӲߡֱ֮ߡȱҸѭءвҲŻʳߡľͨ 
ϲθҲߡӱ֮䡣򺮡˶ҲΪԡ 
δߡδ¡֮δҲߡа̫˺䱾 
ಫ̫з硣˺зΪࡣ 
ڲС֮ԻС½ԷˡΩΪ֤֮ļ 
ҲȻ⡣Ϊȼɡơ¡롣֤աΪ 
ߡϽδ¾ԡӹҽ¡Ҹ롣θҺвӲ 
Żʳ֤֮աθȫθθּ֮෴ 
֮ԻΪҲ֪档Է֮ߡԲ󡣶ϲС֮ҩ֪ 
֮ҲҲת֤ڼ塣ϲ֤֮ɲ֮ͬ졣ɲ 
֮ʱɲ֪ԺϲơϲϹϡߡ̫֮ 
֮󡣶֮ϡ֮תʵҲĿ 
ߡԿĿΪĿΪĿ֮ʧҲԴ߽ 
ơ˺ա޴ȡ˷ߡΪȥҲ̫̫һһ 
ࡣӦ֮Ҳ̫֮ڡȨתʧְȥ̫ 
޴ȡ˷ꡣ˱ഫ֮Ҳڰ˽ơ˺աΪа 
ʳŻߡΪаҲΪ֮ա̫Ϊ֮סʳŻ̫ 
а֪㲻аԴεഫ֮Ҳ֮աھŽơ˺աСߡΪ 
Ҳ֮תΪССˡ䲡ѡаҲ֮ʱʮơ 
ʱϡ֮îʱϡѻʤаҲ 
ȫƪֹʮڡ֮Դֺϡи֮Ȩ䡣иáζ֪֮ 
Իƪֹʮڡԭġ塣ܼ߲֮ͬ 
޷ѧ޴ƪֹڵĽơ̫תߡСһʵ 
˷̫ƪСƪƪ֮δνΪ֮רȻδֺ 
Ի̫ƪ˺з硣ȡвĬĬʳķϲŻԴ֤ΪС֤֮ 
֤ڻȻȻ޶֮䡣ͳС֮νв֤һ֤ǡϤ 
ߡҲ·ʮڡ۲֤֮ΡνΪ֮Ȼ֮ 
ࡣΪת֮ҩʺȡ֮Ϊͽ֮¾ҲȻͽ漰¡ʱν 
ΪȨ䷨֤̫֮˼溹֤֮˼¡ӹ֦â 
֦ȷҲȻ⡣вȷȻСΪƦŻ 
кȷϲ֮Ϊࡣ˴θҲС 
֮档ǲθ֮תࡣĵθ֮аתࡣа 
аԲһ֮һ֮ɹô۶޼ҲҲ һζó֮ 
Ҳ֮ΪʧְΪ¡֢֮ 
ҩԾ֮Ҳμ⡣ϲڡпϲ֡Ż治 
ʳҲ֡вʱȡв֮ķϲŻĬĬʳ 
֮зŻʡʹвƦӲ¼С㲻ߡ֤ƫ 
Ω΢ΪڱΡΩвʹƦӲΪΡԷ纮֤ͨΩвƦӲΪ 
ʵȿɾݡʴӰ֮η 
ΪβѭвԪ֮顣Թа俪 
䲿Ϊ֮١аڷ֮ಫʤавҲа 
ȡʵ顣ʱаʵ顣ĬĬʳپڱ֤˲Ρа 
ʤа֮ԪǿҲ΢ȶȡǷ纮֮δ⡣ν 
֮Сȥμӹķȡࡣδ顣ȥ˲Ρ̫ʹ 
١ºЭӲ̫֤֮Ҳ䲻⡣顣ʲιá֪پ 
ΡԤԪ֤ϲߡǲ֤ơ˺աͷ΢񺮡䡣 
ڲʳӲϸߡΪ΢ᡣڱҲΪߡ 
ͷ֪ҲС΢֮ηҲкȻ 
ᡣڴ㡣ʹʳ㷴ӲҲᡣں 
̡رаȱսֹͷҲ΢ߡν΢ʲʳӲ 
Ϊ֤ΪʢʳӲΪ֤΢֮ʳҲ֮ 
΢֤Сؾ䲡ڰȻ΢񺮡ͷʼʷ 
ͷ֮塣СҲȻߡΪࡣΪࡣʼ֤ơ 
֮֮ȷʼһ񬡣ֲ֤֤֮֮Ҳ 
вһ֮롣вΪ֮ࡣ᪲ԻвָԲȻ̫֮аת 
֮аԴвת˺աȶ硣ͷǿвߡ̫ת 
֮ҲС֮Զ̫֮·ȡ硣СԿɡв 
ȥߡת֮ʼҲС֮Կ֮·ݴ˴εڴ 
֮˵ʼ򵱴Ӳ硣ԻвʼԻȥӡ 
вӲӲŻϰ̦ߡ֤֮δҲ֮ 
в֮Ͻ֮νڲСˮĲа̦ŻСת֮ࡣ 
ʼͨҺ¡θʵӡ ȻߡϽҺܿ 
Ѭë¶֮ȡθа֢ͬС֮ν֮Ҳ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>̫ƪ
ԣ̫Ϊʪ֮Ҳ̫߶ࡣ١ 
ν̫֮а˺ơʳʡ¡ʱʹҲ 
֮汲 
ν̫֮а˺ơ󲻽⡣ʹ֮˴ҲԻʱʹ 
̫Ҳʱʹߡνʱʹʱֹ֦ҩ֮ʵʹߡʵʹ֦Ӵ֮ 
ھơ̫֮ϡʪ֮νҲ֮¡֮Ҳ֮¡֮ҲԻ̫ӱ 
Ի̫ΪȲԻ̫̫֮θСɡʸɸɡ 
˺ơ̫֮Ϊ¡ʳ¡ʱʹ֮½Ӳ 
˺ֻ̫֤аνΪɢʧȫ֮ҡ֪ 
зܶߡȡ֮޽֮ӡߡԵһ⡣ڶơ̫з֤ 
֫۵Ⱦ䡣֮δʱʩΡơ̫ʱӺϡ̫ 
رڳ󡣹ʱҲĽơ̫ߡɷ˹֦ʩ 
ΡΩڵơ̫кҲ֮˷汲Իߡͨ 
֮ࡣСơ˺ߡϵ̫̫ơС 
ߡܷơ߰ա䱩ʮСֹƢʵ൱ȥҲ߽ơ̫ 
ҽ֮ʱʹߡ֦ҩ֮ʵʹߡ֦Ӵ֮ڰ˽ơ̫ 
ΪԱ赱дҩΪѵ˼֮θ׶ҲⲢ޷Ρ 
Ϊӡ֪䷽߾Ȩ֮˷ؿ 
پν̫֤ھںΪȲɸ֤ͬٽԺʪΪΪ 
֦ΪԵһڡһǳСּνҲΪϰء 
˺ʮ䡣̫мΪڡԲм֤֮ 
м̫̫ʪ뺮϶ȺϡС򲻷ơ򸯻൱ȥǳ֤֮⡣ 
б֡һСΡϼ¡߽̫¡ת̫ʱʹʵʹߡԹ֦ 
ҩӴΪΡһԺ̫֮硣汲֮¶Ϊͷ֦֮Ϊͨ 
ⷨͨȨҲһƢθΪ̫֮Ϊ֮ءضΪʵʹò 
֮ݷʽȥƢ֮ࡣҪ֪ٽ¡ԭʱʹԡ˴󵽶 
ʮֹڡδԷ˴Ӹº󡣶뵽ʱ֮η޷ 
ͨȨΪ°ء 
֮ܶ汲֦֦ҩ֦Ӵ̫֮Ҫ汲롣 
ֻƵá֮ơ֦֮ˡ۵δ֮ʱ֦ҩͨ 
áԭֹвߡϲŨĸʲ˲ɢȷ 
áδʥ֮ǰ֮νǾġ޲ס 
Ǿٶ 
Ңơ̫ͬݡΪʵʲθʵ 
Ҳ̫Ϊ顣ʲʵҲа¶а̫ 
аʳŻаʳ¡а򲻴㡣а֤෴ 
ϡθп顣а а½Ӳ󹥡ֹ 
̫֮١ָ̫ԡ 
ϲơھơ̫θСɡʸɸɡ̫ע֤֮ 
̫ԲҲپ̫ԲΪ١̫ڡвз֮֫Ϊ֮ 
вȲɸ֤̫֮Ϊ顣̫ƢƢʪ䡣 
ʱʹ鲻̡ʪʤ֤֮ҲƢθ顣ʳߡθҲҪ֪θ 
Ҳʵ̫ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ƪ
ԣˮͬߡа侭ˮΪ 
ӻ𻯶Ϊȡ֢ϸΪ١ 
ν֮аˮΪԻϸ΢¡񺮡к͡ʹȡС 
Ҳû¼н΢ 
аʼˡǵȡȡΪ̫֮ʡΪ֮ⲻ 
ӡ츽̫֮ںϸ֮ˮ̫پƸϸ 
Ƿ˽ԽҲ 
ʼڶա֢֪̫֮ȷǺ⡣ֹֿҺӼ 
ȡнˮ֮ΪڲаӱӡپƸӸʲ佻Ϊ΢ 
΢Ҳ 
䡣С㸴ȡںȡ΢ߡ 
ﺮȡࡣʹŻʹֹʡͨ 
˰ֹͨŻ֭֮ͨҩ΢ 
º󲻽⡣ߡ֮ 
ղѡաʹС㲻֫ʹΪˮ 
ŻС֢лޡ֢ҩǳעϸ֮ 
֮աк͡䱳ߡ̫֮顣֮ϡ֮ʹ֮ 
ܱһ㺮֮ܳ֫ǽʹ֮Գ롣ߡ 
֮¶ϡһΪ顣̫֮顣ںϡһΪ顣֮顣 
תԸ֮ 
ܽ䡣鲻ܴ֫ߡЮ 
ھ½򷳡ͨꡣ֮ 
¼Ҳ 
ν֮аӻ𻯶ΪȡԻϸ¡ڷꡣԡȡˮС 
Ҳþва֮졣 
աʹߡʲ۹ 
ˡԡߡ֮ 
ʹɢ֮ 
ʹķߡ֮ 
֮ϡзԡ֮ 
աȶŻʡķߡ֮ 
աոʹС㲻ŧѪһ֮ 
ϽԲΪҲ 
֮աߡ֮˴ڡתθס 
ɡ֮Һӡ 
աͲߡ֮˴òաⲻ⡣Һݺԡתʸ 
Ͳ㡣ڼߡѼʵСҲ 
ˮɫࡣ±ʹڸߡ֮˴סƢ妡θŨ 
ˮȥȲȥ˼¡ 
ϽԹаΪҲ 
ھơ֮ϡ֮νҲ֮¡֮Ҳ֮¡֮ҲԻӱ 
ӱԻΪࡣȲԻ֮ڷΡϵ౾ʿɶʡ 
˺Ի֮Ϊ΢ϸҲ΢ߡ屡ŨҲΪ񲡡ϸխҲΪ 
¡򲻵¡Ի¡Ϊ֤ܸ֮ҲϲơΪ 
ࡣΪࡣ¡ϲŻŻҲ롣ҲϲŻǲŻ 
ǲ¡ڲе֮ˡơ¼ǲߡȻǲ顣ʶ֪ 
֮ǲΡ֪֮顣Ƿꡣηͬ 
ȶ꺮䲡ӱΪȻӱΪ̫һһ΢ϸ֮ 
֮顣ˮ걾ȡܸҲ¹ʮĽڡԱ˶ۡȻ١ 
аʢʵ١ָ顣Ϊ֮ҲԵڶڼϻˮ 
δáڼĽڵڡԲɷ־Բ¡ 
޷֮һ֡ԸΪҲ 
ڶڡԭơ²¡з䡣ָʱˮ𲻼áѾಡ֮ 
ơʡҲˮԾľ䡣ָΪ֮ڡ½ 
ˮϽʡ֮顣ΪȾ֤֮ơСɫߡϤߡСߡ 
½кˮɫҲ䡣ֳСɫסʼΪ֮Ϥߡ 
֮аˮСسࡣ˺֮΢Ҳԭơ 
ߡҲľ䡣Ϊк񷴺ʢڡ⡣ 
֮Ҳơʹ䡣⡣ʹΪ֮ 
ڡΪ溮֤֮˺֮ٵҲĽԭơȶ 
ߡٹҲСѡǿҲ䡣Ͽ֤֮򾫽Խ 
СѡҲԭơϸΪɷ 
䡣бȡΪƸϸϸȡΪ 
ɷơ΢ɷҲ顣ɬߡ֮䡣 
΢ΪɷɬΪɸԵڶˡ 
֮һҲ 
֤߽֮ڴּΪ߰սȥ΢¡֮ 
֮ȡΪ֮ϻҲڰ˽ڴֹּ֮ԶΡ 
֮ҲھŽԷȥ±񺮶ΡԵþ֮Ҳʮ 
з硣ΪаӦӦּ΢а롣øа 
з硣Ƽ˺ӡʮһʱʱ϶䡣ָڰ 
Ӷ⡣ڡ֮Ҳ 
̫֮Ҳ֪б֮Ȼ൱֪Ȼ̫ɲʮơ 
㲻䡣߲̫֮Ҳơ׳Բ 
̫֮ݡ֮֮Ҳʮơ˾աһ㾡ߡ 
סضѪҲȻ̫ڰס⡣ΪһȡΪ֮ҡΪѪа 
ڸɶΪѪҲʮĽ޺Ȼ̫Ϊʡǿ֮ضѪδ 
֪ӺεӿڱǡĿϽߡΪΡȻ̫ʡ󺹷ȡ 
ھ¡ֺ֮Ȼ֮аϡԻʡ 
ԭΪѪ֮ءѪѳԻϽߡΪ֤֮ 
򲻵̫Ϊֹ֢֮ΡΪ֤֮ԵʮڡԼڶʮڡ 
塣ʮơ߲Ρ֮ġḮ֮ǰ 
ʶΪݶΪΪ䡣̫֤֮֮Ҳʮ 
ơ귳֫ˮ֮ȫԽϡ귳 
ˮ֮֫䡣Ѿ֤֮֮Ҳʮ߽ơ 
ֹͷѣʱʱð¶ֹ϶ѣðΪֹ֤ѣðΪ 
֤иҲʮ˽ơ񺮶顣 
֤֮ҲʮŽơաϢ֤֮Ҳڶʮơ 
΢ϸԡ¡ʮһΪһء֤֮Ҳ 
ﲻʮΪһءΪ֮ء 
ơ溮ΪȡȶԽ֤֮Ҳ 
˷ʮڡ֤֮ȫѱδ걾ȡˮת³֮ 
Զʮһʮڷּ䷽߲һַŹ֮Ҳ 
Ա걾꺮ȡ̫ȡΪ۱֮Ӧʮһơʼ֮ 
ȡߡƸϸ֮ȡ񷴷ȡ̫Ϊȡ 
ԴҲʮơ֮աƸӸʲ΢Զ 
֤΢ҲԶֵ֮ڡ֮ô΢亹֮ԻԶ 
ֹ֤̫֤֮֮ҲҪ֪̫顣⡣֮¶װ塣 
顣ڡ̫֮ٽ̫֮Ŀ̫Լ 
ȡ΢˱ⷨҲʼ֮֮΢ 
ϸǷøʲ˷ּǳҲȻʮһڶʮڡอ۶ǳ 
֮ʮڶʮĽڶʮڡֱ걾Դ֮ơ֮ϡ 
зԡ֮֮֮ڶȡ֤֮ 
Ҳ֮աк͡˽Զߡ֮֮֮ø 
Ͻ֮Ϊ顣ʹ㺮ǽʹߡ֮֮ 
á½ˮ֮Ϊ顣Ը㵽꺮֤֮ҲȻ౾֤֮ 
֮֮ߡʮơŧѪߡһ֮ʮ߽ơ 
աʹС㲻ŧѪߡһ֮ʮ˽ơŧѪ߿ɴ̡Ա 
ȲھߡʯҩŴ̷ŧѪѪ֮Ҳб꺮֤֮ 
֮ʵ֮ߡʮŽơ䡣ߡ֮ 
ص԰ٲθΪ˺֤֤֮֮֮ܽ塣 
֤б걾֮ͬ۲ˡ׽һζ 
ȻϻˮҲתֹϢʮơ½ºʹ 
ˮϽȡķߡתΪ֮¶Ҳʮһơ 
ʹߡϵ֮Юʣʲ۹ˮϽΪʹҲʮơ 
ˡԡߡ֮ˮϽ漰ڷζҲ 
ʮơʹɢ֮ˮϽβߡô֮Ҳڳе 
ʮʹۡΪϻһ Ҳ 
Ϊ֤ˮ֮һ ʮĽʮ߽ڡˮ𲻽ˮ޻𡣻ʧղְ֮ 
ʮ˽ڡ֮Ϊͽ⡣ʮŽڡ֮Ϊн֮䳣಻ 
䡣㲹֮塣֮ʮĽڡν֮ͨʾ 
Ϊרʮڡν΢ߡֹͨŻߡ֭ͨ 
֮΢ԺʢͶҩܸ񡣱ȡ֮Ҳʮڡ 
νղѡոʹС㲻֫ʹߡΪˮ˻ȡ 
СŻߡ֮ˮ޻鲻ˮΪˮءΪ 
֮¡ǰ֮ͨΪҲʮ߽ڡνȡﺮȡ档 
΢񺮡ɫʹŻʹֹߡ֮ͨ 
溮ȡΪ֮¡Ϊ֤֮һҲʮһˡϵʮ 
ۡΪ֤ˮһ Ҳ 
ʮ˽ڡν档˻ȡ¡С㲻ʹйߡɢ֮˳ 
治ר麮ͽһʾ䶯֮⡣԰֮ҲʮŽڡν 
աȶŻʡķߡ֮˳½պΪȡ 
СŻʷߵ֤νмҲһּа¶ߡ 
֮԰֮Ҳϵʮȫڴһ ҲȻߡ 
Ϊ֮ˮ֮֮֡ȡԳ򲻿ӡ 
ʮơ֮աߡ֮˴ϡ꫽ 
Ҳʮһơˮɫࡣ±ʹڸߡ֮˴ 
ϡľɿ֮һˮʤӡʮơաͲߡ 
֮˴ܴڵжΪ͡ھνһϢˡ 
ؼ֮ʹת֤֮ǳע֮ж֢ʮ 
ơߡ֮Ϊ֮Ԥ֪ѷ֮ 
˪֮塣׺ߡ֪ض֮ҲʮĽơʳ 
¡¡¡ܸ¶ʼ֮㺮ҳߡʵҲ 
֮ʵ֤֢кŻߡҲ֮ 
 ͬʵҡߡ϶֮Ҳ֮ھ಻ˡ 
ʮơ΢飩ɬ飩ŻΪŻض 
¡ߡһ֮Ŀ׹ŬӣϾ֮ 
ԵİٻһѨϡƫ¡Դֶ֮Ϊ֮ 
ΪһҲƪıñ䡣ɷӺ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ƪ
ԣΪľ֮ࡣȻ߶ࡣӺ١ľлҲ 
ν֢˺ơ֮Ϊʡʢײġ漴Ҳȡаġ 
ҲʳľҲʳ»סΪ绯һʳ³ֹ֮θ 
ҲΪ֢ȻΡڡ֢֮ڷҲҪ֪ 
ͬһڡڱΪʸɡ֮в 
ϳ֮סķʹ֮ʳǼʳ֮ϲŻ»֮⡣תΪ 
Σ˥תΪ 
÷Ϊ֤ܷ֮»׾ߡˡ 
䡣΢˵оúǡˮ塣ڸΡ亮 
಻ߺطȡ䡣εȡҲͶ 
ߡʱһֹԻᡣơʢᡣߡһܡֹԻ֮Ķ 
¡˸ʲ֮д֢顣鼫ǽΪôҩ 
ҲΩ֢֮𡣱֮ʵ֮νΪ֮Ϊ֮ 
Ҳ 
ǰԱ֤档֤Ϊղý֮Ʒ֮ࡣ 
Ҳ 
΢¡ʡաνӦҲ֮ȡʵйߡ 
ɢˮߡ׻֮аҲԳֹ֮ӡ 
ߡͷ֮ˮߡҲͷ֮ 
Ȼ֮Ҳ 
߱طȡӦ΢΢֢˺֮֡Ⱥʡ 
١ȶ١֢˺֮֡ٶȻ 
Ƣ˷Ρ֢˱档 
Ի˺ơʹ󡣽ȡɸλҲơʢԡ 
˸γƢҲԻݡš 
Ի˺ȡĶ񺮡Ƥëͷʹǿ̫Ϊ顣ˮް׻֤֮Ϊ 
顣޳֤鲻ͨˮ˸γ˷Ҳν鲻ľιηʤҲԻᡣ 
šпʵк֮ 
˺ɬҡмʹγƢҲСƽԲƢߡ 
аС֮ľаֱʹг·ν֮Ҳ 
˺ʶ¼ߡˮ߸ʲȴʡˮθҲγ˷Ҳ 
ȶ񺮡ľʵ顣ˮ¡ϽڸˮнʴйʵˮϽ 
߸ʲԷ亹˷ǻˮΪɢа֮֮Ҳ 
ھơ֮ϡ֮νҲ֮¡֮Ҳ֮¡֮ҲԻӱ걾 
ҲԻΪءȲԻ˺ա֮ѭڸΡʷľ 
档ʢʷѭ 
ԷľΪΪꡣмΪʲӱ걾мҲԵ 
֮Ϊ١Իײġȡʳʳ»סֹ֤֮Ȼغ֮ 
֤֮ŻΪʡŻײġȵ֢ 
ҲߡΪΪľѬҲײߡľİҲ 
ߡΪ𡣻ȡѪơʽۡθҺ 
ʼƲʳߡľҲʳ»ߡ׸зľ֮ʳʪȸɡ 
θסʳ򶯡θθֹ֮ߡҲ 
һơз硣΢ΪΪδаϸ񷴸ߡԷΪаԪ 
аɢ΢а벻ɢΪδ֮ʱî 
ʱߡм֮֮ˮˮΪһ֮ˮˮûͶ 
ٺֹԻ˺ԻʡԻм 
ӱ걾Ҳ 
һԻߡ֮Ȼ֮⡣Գֹ֮ 
ߡ֮̽ʲ¡顣аֱ롣֮ʢڡ 
֮˸Խ֮ԻѪ֮ҡ档಻Ҳ 
Ȼ֮˺ʺȶֹʲ಻¡ʡԺ 
ʤ֮θҲʳʳߡȥʳ֮ 
θʤల򲻱ȻȡֱȥҲաʷաա 
̫ڵҹٷա֮м̫ࡣطӸŧҲ 
֮תΪȡڡʦҪȡҪ䷢ȶֹֹաΪ˳ 
ࡣѪ֡ΪӸ֮ŧǷӸҲΪࡣΪ㡣˺ 
աȡȳԺӦ䡣ʳʳ 
ѳ˽Ƽ١塣Ȼ̫СŧѪ 
ʹΪԡ侭֮¶ΪҲ˺ʺȡֹҺй⡣ 
ϡʹΪԡ޺ֹ޺ֹ¡رŧ 
ѪСԡң߲¡˵Ҳ˺һան 
ߡطҲʺҲǰߺʡȺʡ֮ߡ֮΢ 
ߡ΢Ӧ֮ǰ¡ָȷӦ¡֤ɢа׻֢÷ 
ҲҢơаһȡ΢΢Ժء䳣 
ȻԾ֮ӡΪ֮ˡӡľΪһӶ֮ 
¡䱾󡣲ϡ¡º֤֮ӡ䲡غº֤֮Ҳ 
ȡ֢֮ҲҲ档ǹϷ䲡ٽ»ײ 
ġǹ֮½֮ȡھ֮֮塣֮ǱƹʵȷΪ 
¼÷һѾߡۻ÷ưءΪ½ҩֱšĪ½ 
ҩҲ֮¡֮˳ʿΪ⺮亹֮ 
ϡóӡ֮ѭﻷڹҲ߽Ӧƽ˽ơ 
ߡ˳ӡΪʡߡҲԷֹס֮ʡúȶ 
ӡ֫ࡣ֮ᡣ绷޶ˡ˳ӡ 
˳ҲԻ˳ӡ֫ȡηҲ֪аа롣 
ն֫Ϊʡ˳֮νŽΩ֮ʡг 
֮ຮΪʡ˺΢ʡ߰շ䡣ݰʱߡΪʡˮ 
Ϊꡣѡ겻߲֮ͬߡ˵»ס߾ 
ʱΪຮʷֹʳŻַߡʳ˵»סߡ 
÷֮»䳣»׶Żľ֮»Ҳơʹ 
ҡ񷴺󡣹л׳档׳֮ʹʱҩֹߡʲݷ֮ 
ʹڱաҡаҲ񷴺ǻ׶Ҳѡ³ˮʹʹҧʱʱ 
Ҳױʹֹ׼ʳʹҲʮʮһڡؽ 
֮תתΪѪתڰ׹ԪΪᡣ˺΢ָͷĬ 
ĬʳꡣСɫסȳʳ䲡ΪתʶŻ 
תвߡ档硣رѪаΪ 
Ѫа䡣Ҳء϶¶ࡣٸ֮ 
ٸ֮ʹڰ׹ԪҲʮʮڡʤ֮֮ȶࡣ̫ 
 
ѪˡرѪѪ١ʢˡ䲡Ϊ֮ں 
ΪȲ˺ΪȻȲ߲̫ಡʴ˶ۺ֮١ 
̫벻ҲʦȶΪʶΪߡ۲֮ˡΪаڡΪа 
⡣ȡΪˡΪҲȶΪа֮ǲа֮б 
ŧѪ֮ߡҲ 
в֤֮ɲ֪˺ա΢䡣ϡ½ʷ¡ 
Ͻꡣˮ𲻽˾֮ˮʲ 
롣ʲ֪Ϊ֮Ȼ֤˺ȵֹ 
ȶ㷴档Ϊ֮ء겻ԡʢ˺ 
ʲֹߡ겻ԡơߡ㺮ߡ 
²อ˺ղȶʡ ΢֤֮Ⱥ 
ߡһʱ֮ΪɢΪȡԽ϶Ϊ֤ 
֤˺աѪʲء಻ӲѪ顣Ѫ 
ڡ⡣㸴ʡʲΪΪѪ֮ȶʡ 
ܡ̫ӦֹΩֹʢδΪΡ 
·˽ڡ֤кʵҲʢ١档ʡû𹥡Ȼʢ 
֮һֹ֮١ʢߡذָ֮ʢߡذָ֮˺١֪ 
ʢ֮١䡣֪ʢ֮档پѨ֤֮֮֮Ҳ 
˺ߡʶȡ׻֮΢ΪʡΪ 
ʡȫƾԱ֮Ȼط㡣ΪҲСӪܲϢѪ١ 
ͨʺϸߡ֮оúࡣ 
ѪӦľڼġͬԭǺаڷһߡô֮ƷŶ 
𡣲Ϊˮ֮ࡣھ֮аӺáоúڷ֮ߡ 
йȡɽ֮СԿཱུȡ֮𡣷־ͶΡɾϡѧ 
ЧҲʡе֮Ρ֮ʡȡֵ硣󺹳νˮ졣Ȳ 
ȥνȲΪ˥ԺйаʢаʢƱʧ͡ھм֤֮֫ټ 
档ʢ񺮡顣¾衣ȡ֫ۡаΪ 
ʦߡȶ֤֮ом֮¶֪Ϊ 
й֫Ϊѡֻ֤ڶ֮ʦ֢ԶȲΪʵϽ 
мȡ˽޼ȡߡ֮ƴڱ 
䡣β֤汾Ĳա֪Саʢ 
ˡԸʤڱΣڽֹʻءȫ 
¶䡣õ¶䡣˻֮ȨҲ֤Ϊ֮ 
֤Ȼƴ󺹴¡˼ʾΪ൱Ҳ̵ˮߡ 
֤䡣֫С̵ۡ˹ͨ֫էߡ̵ֱ޳ 
ֲаС֮ǡΪаʳ 
С֮˹ϵɢھνԽ֮֮⡣ˮʡ˺ʶ¼¡ˮ 
߸ʲȴʡˮθҲԤ֮Ϊ 
аΪΣʶءаݡʶ¼¡ˮаġʧΪ 
ˮΪҲ̿ɴӷ֮١֮ˮ¡ǣ׹Ҳ˺ 
մº󡣴١䡣²ʺŧѪйֹΪΡ 
֮ҲڶΪθ˥Ҳ֫Ϊ֮䡣º 
顣²ºϡʺŧѪҲǰνʺȲߡرŧѪ 
ࡣؿóࡣйֹа¡аʵʢ˥ʤⶴκȡ 
亮ʵкʵ顣ΪΡ 
ʮ˽ڡͳкʵ֮ͬ˺ոʹתٸ 
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΢ȡ踴֮ӡΪδ⡣䡣ߡ¡ú 
㡣ֲܳھҲ֮¡΢Ǹ¡ϡ 
Ϊ˳ҲҲθ֮ϳ 
¡Ϊ˳Ҳݡʢ١񲻳ٶİ 
ɬߡѪҲʢѪ顣ѪСŧѪϽʢ˽ʢ 
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֮ݡǻа±ơ󡣶ǳ֮Ϊδֹ΢ΪΪ 
Ϊֹھ֮˵˵м֮Ϊ䷢Ȳ 
١ٳࡣ֮ѭͷϡϲ֮Ȼ΢ȡȻ 
ߡ֮ȫ¡ϡ¡ӡΩȡƪ󷽾֮ð 
⡣΢ʡȻߡҲߡ費ŧѪ 
ȹҲԵİŧѪԱŧѪߡʡȹҲ 
½䡣н͡ ʱתһܡߡܴ֮ 
нע̫ߡѰܡѾ㲻䡣֮ȫƾ 
Ϣֽ֮Ҳڽ˽ڶͷʱʱðͬ 
⡣ƺаȥⲻ֪а֮ʡ ʱ¡дһߡ̿ͨ 
ȷԾȽ֮Ҳ˺ʮС֮顣ʵߡθ 
֮Ԫѡθ֮ɡ̷Ļࡣʢθܱ仯 
΢Һɡǲ֡ȡﺮȡߡ֮ͨﲻͨ⡣ 
ھܡⲻͨԽǼô֮ز̡֮ͨ 
ΪȡмòΪߡͷ֮ھνעȡҲ 
ߡаڴ֮䡣Լ١а֮á 
Ҳʹ˹˹֦ຮˮ֮ 
С֮档ﺮȥҲˮߡȹҲͷ֮ 
ͷ½ҺҲ ߡǻ𻯡ϡθ 
ʺҲ¡ʺò¡С΢θˮҺ½ߡʢ֮ 
ߡϽʢ֮½ˮϼ֮Ϊ鷳 
ŻӸŧߡ˰硣ѪΪŧҲȥŻɢ֮ƷŻаա 
йӡٹŧŧȥĽڡ֮ŻѪʵ֮ͬҲŻ 
顣С㸴й΢ȡߡ֮˳ӡϡ¡г롣 
ΪΡ֮Żĭͷʹߡ֮ʢҺΪӭϡ 
Żĭʳ̵۶ͷʹǴδ˱֤֮ͷʹ֮ 
ҩͷϳ塣ֹŻͷʹҲŻߡС֮Ϊа 
ΩŻȡаа֮ӡʵ֮ 
֮˺θΪȻҲΡȡ֮ΪҪ˺´֮鸴 
༫顣ٲܽͨڡǡ֮аڱΪаȡ֮ 
ˮԷ亹ܡȻߡθкҲ˺ܶǰ֪βܼ֮ 
麮֢֮ʵ֢֮֮ٸЮθ򪡣֮شٸθ 
ɹҲ˺ܡܾθк䡣ȻʵͨйΪ 
ߡơʢƤȡ͡ǰͨνʵúʵ߻ܶǰ 
ʵ֮ʵҲʵк֮ǰ֮ͨй档ܼӡ 
֢֮ʵߴɡʵ֤֮ӡ亮ʵʩкز֮ӡ 

