<ƪ>²ָ
²ָ
ߣ߱  
  
ݣԪ1644-1911  

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣ²֮˺ˮ֮̿Ҳ¹ר顣Ϯ˺֮֮Ͷ֮ 
нȻԷҲ˼䡣Էͨʥ֮ӿຮɢ֮СΩа 
֮ɢȷ֪¡ȻڳϽ¶֮ƷƩ֮ε 
ݬһӡҶʿѦھΡּ̺֮֮ 
޾ȻͰ¡ͨȡۡ졣Ϊ²档ԴίپĿǶ֮ʼ 
ɡڸɼ֮ʡϱЧġͿةڴȫʤơԾ 
ϰҽߵػ֪ߡÿ²ؾɷʢȾ ĿΪ˺ҩ벡Ӳɱ˺ 
ԥʮĿ˾𼭼ϰ־δҽԸαУ֮벩 
ԽԻ²ָϸ֮ߡΪʹƧ֪˹޴ز 
֮֮ԸҲîϴɽ¦ܡ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣһԭͨ²档Ҷʿָ֤ҽЧشѦ׸ԡҶѦҽӢ 
ҽ顣ԶȡɾͼеԼ֤úηڹּ֤֮δһһ 
šкѧ˼֮ʿȡԭ顣ιۻ֤֪ǱһһۡϤù׼˿˿ӡ 
һس԰ҽ顣к֮ߡѧԨš˺Ѳ޷Ω̫ϲΪԸۡ 
²ηϮ˺ۼͨʥɢ֮ÿ¡ԡΪ 
һ°իȡ塣ɽ档ժҪһҽΪ 
ɢɢȷʵܾơǱ֮²ƶıϡ 
һֿԴԭ¡ͨ԰Գǡν²ȷһаļԭ֤֮ͶֿɴԭЧ 
֮ϸ˵дԭ֤ΡıһȻϸɫȷϵаļԭߡ֮ 
δһͶҲ 
һͨ鸽ﺮʪԭ²ȡ²׸ġоͨ 
ԭڡ 
һͨ԰ŷַܼѧѣ󡣽ʱзּӸĶһܼߡ 
Դ 
һ⡣ҪߡҪʮ򡣸ĩΪȫ֮ 
һ˫ϸעϵҪĿйϵ֮ɡǱϸ档ӡ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>²
ԣ²˺Ĳͬ˺ڶ¡²ʱС˺˸Ϻ֮մһ˷ʩΡ²˸ 
Ȼ֮䲻˷а֮Ѫ֮Թ²ۡľΪ¡ 
ĩĳȽʢΪȡʢʪߡΪ¡¼ҲʱΪĳʪʢ 
ߡΪʪ¶ůǱءΪ¡ȾҼǡȻΪߡ̫¼ж 
Ϊ¶ϸ֤Ŀηֻϸа֮ʪ񡣼ʪ¶а١Ϊҩ֮ 
а֮ʪߡͳࡣΪϾа֮ʪߡͳʪࡣΪ¾ҶۡѦ׸ԡ 
ԷʪԴۡʷ֮֮СָΪƪ˷űࡣһĿȻΩϾ֮ 
 
¶ηͬ¶Լⶾ¾֮ʪ¡ʪȶࡣҩ𡣣ʪȺа֤֮ȶ 
ʪߡԿ·֮ʪߡԿʪ·֮ؾжʱ˱ʪȶ 
ߡʱΪʪ¡ηͬʱ֤ŶһʱСʪ򲻼ʪ 
 
һʱμ֤иݷʩΡڶоĿ֮ЮʪЮ 
̷̿ΪһҪ塣ƹ֦Ǽɢ֮ҩ֮Სء 
زΪ𡣲ɲҲ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>˺²棨
ԣ˺аë϶롣¶ϡʼ̫²аӾ缰ڱǶ롣϶¡ʼ̫Ϊаʢ 
̫֮Ϊͷʹǿʹ֤ʢ֮ҲΪаʢ 
̫֮ΪԺڿͷʹȵ֤ʢ֮Ҳ֪š˺²֮ Ȼ 
Ŀӡ 
˺䷢ȡһڱزʡ֮ؽʢ֡²һȼʸɶʡ֮ 
֡ 
³ͷʹ纮Ժ˺֤̫з졣˴졣˺зк򲻻 
пڿʼ֤˺Ȼͬʱůֻ²˺֪ӡ 
˺ݴ򺹻¡а˼²򴫱䲻һ㾡еúˡոǰߡе 
͡ոߡб͸֤ߡаδ֮ʡ֤ϸϡݷΡ 
һ֤ŻʡҲ¡Ҳ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>Ͻƪ
ԣȶ¶ͬ 
³ͷʹԺ񺮶ʡ򲻿ʶȡҴ󡣻ߡаϽ 
̫ξҲƽɢ֮ 
\xɢ\x 
̣Ǯ Ǯ ۹Ǯ ɣǮ ҶһǮ ʲݣһǮ֣ 루һǮ 
һǮ֣ ţӣǮ έǮ 
ˮ塣ٹȡ󡣲ߡٷ߼ʡƼ޽𡣿ڿ߼컨ۡ 
ʹԪѪȥ붹Ӱé̿̿պȽüϸԱԲ⡣ 
С̡ټ֪ĸӺȡ²纮޺ͷʹȡʻߡڷ纮ⲫҲ 
ɢ΢֮ˡ֤δߡɢ֤ΪΡ·纮 
 
⺮΢֮յݽ񺮼ˡɹɢ򲻿޺ 
Ǽɢ֮ҲӼɢ׾ӢԼ²纮ù֦Դ˷ 
ʣǮ ҶһǮ֣ ǰһǮ֣ Ǯ ţӣǮ ۹Ǯ  
ݣһǮ 
ˮ 
\xɢ\xǰ 
²ȡȶ΢ߡ˷Ҳɣ֮ 
\xɣ\x 
ʣǮ ̣һǮ֣ ɣ˷֣ ɣҶǮ֣ ջһǮ ۹ 
Ǯ ʲݣ˷֣ έǮ 
ˮһնղ⡣ƴߡʯ֪ĸĺаӪԪ 
Ǯ ϬǣһǮ ѪߡȥέϸƤǮ 
ӻ ߼ӻ 
̫²ƴʴ󺹡ߡа˸ҺаδҲؼ׻֮ 
⺷֮ϸ򲻿ʡ޺á֮ࡣ֮ 
\x׻\x 
ʯࣨǮ ֪ĸǮ ʲݣһǮ ׾ףһ飩 
ˮ·ҡ΢ǿߡ˲ΣһǮɢ߱˲Ρ̫²Ҵ 
ߡѪҲӼŮ֮ 
ʯࣨǮ ֪ĸǮ ԪΣǮ ϸأǮ 󶬣Ǯ 
ˮ̫²ѪߡаѪҺҲϬǵػɢ֮н֤н 
֮ 
·ۺѪˮΡѪ߰淴Ρ֮ 
\xϬǵػ\x 
ɵػƣǮ ֣һǮ֣ ƤһǮ֣ ϬǣһǮ֣ 
\xɢ\xǰ 
϶Ϊһùҩߡȥ뱡ɡ 
̫²ڿϤὬ֮ճͰĭ֭֮ 
\xϤὬ\x 
棨һ бƬ¼ˮڽաƵ֮ 
\x֭\x 
֭ ݩ֭ έ֭ ֭ ź֭Ὤ 
ʱö١ϲߡ· 
²ա΢ơʢķ ԲŻáн֤ߡаҲӿ֮ 
Ʀ̵ߡнΪ̵Ҳϵɢ֮ 
\x\x 
ӣǮ飩 㶹Ǯ 
ˮȼСȡһ 
\xϵɢ\x 
ϵ٣һǮ СǮУ ɽӣǮ 
ˮһȷ뱭ֹ߼˲«һǮ֣ 
̫²筶ɡڲߡӪҲζӪ֮ 
\xζӪ\x 
ϬǣһǮ֣ أǮ֣ ԪΣһǮ֣ Ҷģ֣ 󶬣һǮ֣ 
ΣһǮ һǮ֣ ̣һǮã ˮ 
²ߣƬ޿ΪߣߡаҲ֮пΪߡаѪҲ⼡ 
֮ߡ˶Ҳ幬֮ţѩַ֮ţѩ֮ 
ִ֮ʱÿɶ 
\x\x 
ʯࣨǮ ֪ĸһǮ֣ ʲݣһǮ ԪΣһǮ Ϭǣ߷֣ ׾ףϣ 
ˮ 
\x⼡\xͨüӼɢҩζ͸˷סƷɢ̫ 
ʵҲ 
һǮ֣ ǰһǮ֣ 棨һǮ֣ ţӣǮ ̣һǮ ֣Ǯ ľ 
ͨ߷֣ ɣǮ ʲݣһǮ ҶһǮ ۹һǮ έǮ ˮ 
\x幬\x 
ԪģǮ ģ֣ ҶģǮ ģǮ ϬǼ⣨Ǯĥ壩  
󶬣Ǯ 
̵ʢ֭ף ̵ƤһǮ֣ ȶʢӽ֭лơǮ 
ҶǮ ʯѣһǮ 
\xţ\xƧƳҩ䡣ĩԿɡ 
ţƣһ һ Ϭǣһ һ ɰһ ÷ƬǮ֣ 㣨Ǯ 
֣ 飨Ǯ ɽ٣һ ۻƣһ ˣһ  
ΪϸĩΪÿһǮΪ˲ ʵ¡ÿһ衣˲ʵ 
ߡٷС衣֪ٷ衣 
\xѩ\xӱ·ȥƽ 
ʯһ ʯࣨһ ˮʯһ ʯ ȥҩ 
ǣ ľ㣨 Ϭǣ 㣨 㣨һ 飨һ ԪΣһ  
ʲݣ 
ϰζﱡǰҩ֭м塣ȥҩ 
 ʯ Άǰҩ֭΢塣סֽľ֭ټζ 
ɰϸ 㣨һǮϸǰҩȣ 
ϳ˻ˮһǮ 
\xַ\x 
Ϭǣһ ɰһɣ ꣨һУ  һ ţƣǮ 㣨Ǯ 
԰ϢҩΪһ衣 
²֫ߡаİҲţ֮ѩ֮ 
\xţ\x 
\xѩ\xǰ 
¶ʹסǰס׶ʹͷ¡ϺߡӼռ֮ 
ˮɸࡣߡѩţ֮ٷ幬 
\xӼռ\x 
̣Ǯ ɣһǮ һǮ֣ ţӣǮ 루һǮ  
Ǯ ԪΣǮ Ǯ һǮ֣ ۹Ǯ ʲݣһǮ֣ έǮ 
ˮպüӻ˻ 
\xˮɸ\x 
ˮɻж٣ ȥϳƤ롣ʯʵࡣ״һ׳ 
״СƴΪȡ 
¶ˮɸࡣƤСƴ󡣲ٷˮɸࡣƶɢ 
\xƶɢ\x 
һ ưأһ ƣһ 㣨Ǯ ûҩǮ 
Ϊϸĩϸ֭󡣸֮͵ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>нƪ
ԣȶ¶ͬΣ 
²Ŀࡣǡ֡ȥȥ֡򾹲ߡǴ֤ա 
Сɬ̦ϻơɫâ̡Ȳ񺮡ߡаϽξнθ 
δʵҲ׻֮ߡап͸ҲζҶʯ֮ 
\x׻\xǰ 
\xζҶʯ\x 
ҶǮ֣ ʯࣨǮ 󶬣Ǯ ʲݣһǮ֣ 
ˮ 
²֤Ϥߡһƣ ղ㡣ߡнаʵҲҺ֮ 
\xҺ\x²㲻ͨȷ˷򲻿óǴ˷ͨҲ 
ԪΣһ 󶬣Ǯģ ϸأǮ 
ˮ˱ڸ֮㲻¡ͨΪȡ 
²Һ󡣹ʮʱ㲻ߡҺϵθ֮ҺԭθΪ 
һ 
 
\xθ\x 
ƣһǮ֣ âǮ֣ ʲݣһǮ 
ˮ 
²֤Сһƣղ㡣巴СҺθ󡣴Բ 
ͨ 
ߡнаѽʵҲ֮˹֤һһѷҺθԲ 
ͨ 
ߡ֮١񺮡С峤ƺڡ̦󡣻ƽθʳ١ 
Ҳ֮֮ 
²Ŀࡣ֫䡣ͨʡ 衣߰⡣աСࡣʡ 
ظᡣܰϲߡȽнˮҲ֮ 
\x\x 
ƣǮ âһǮ֣ ŨӣһǮ֣ ʵһǮ֣ 
ˮӡɴâȡһ²أ֤ϤжߡС΢ 
֮ 
²̦ϻƶߡнҲС 
\xС\x 
ƣǮ֣ ŨӣһǮ ʵ֣ 
ˮ 
²޺С㲻ߡаİδɶΪҲȷţ衣粻㡣θ 
²кϡˮ޷ߡȽҲθ֮ 
\xţ\xǰ \xθ\xǰ 
²ʵ򻬼ߡθʵҲС֮ʵߡȷİҲţ֮ 
ѩ֮ 
\xС\xǰ \xţ\x 
\xѩ\xǰ 
²ȴʡɫơ̵ߡϽδ塣ҡ尾ˮ㼱Ҳ 
С֮ 
\xС\x 
ƣǮ֣ ŨӣһǮ ʵһǮ ģһǮ֣ 䣨һǮ֣ 
һǮ 
ˮ 
ȱ֮º󺹳θˡθ֮ 
\xθ\x 
ɳΣǮ 󶬣Ǯ ǣ֣ ϸأǮ һǮ㣩 
ˮ 
º޺ߡаҲ֮ߡ˽Ҳ׻֮ߡܻԪ 
֧Ҳ׻˲֮ 
\x\x 
Ǯ֣ ̣һǮ֣ ҶһǮ ʲݣ֣ 󶬣Ǯ ϸأ 
Ǯ 
ˮ 
\x׻\xǰ \x׻˲\xǰ 
º޺ߡδҲ֮ 
\x\x 
󶬣Ǯ֣ ֪ĸһǮ лƣ˷֣ ϸأǮ֣ ԪΣһǮ֣ 
ˮԽ̵ɳΣһǮ֣ ɣҶһǮ ֭Ʊ ĵãһǮ֣ ţӣһǮ֣ 
ºȲˡ˲ʸɡ̦ɺڡɫߡаθҲȻҺպġ 
θ΢֮ߡҺ֮ 
\xθ\x 
ƣһǮ֣ ԪΣһǮ֣ ϸأһǮ֣ ƤһǮ ֪ĸһǮ 
󶬣һǮģ 
ˮ 
\xҺ\xǰ 
²ºաֹ֤Һ 
²֮ͨߡ֤塣Ӧʧ鲻ҩߡаʵҲ¼ӻ֮ٲ 
̵͡Ҵʵߡ֤ʵҲ׳֮߼ΡСʹʱߡ𸭲ͨС 
ʢעҲ̡֮ߡаİϲͨҲţƳ̫֮ȡ 
Һ㡣ҺԲߡ̫ˮͣҲҺ֮ 
\x¼ӻ\x 
ϸأǮ ʲݣǮ ˲ΣһǮ壩 ƣǮ âһǮ Ԫ 
ΣǮ 󶬣Ǯģ 飨һǮ֣ Σϴ ֭ף 
ˮ˱һ֭֭֡סٷ֮縹תʸΪ㡣һʱ㡣 
ǰһʮĿ̲㡣ٷһñ㡣ֹ÷θһ 
\x׳\x 
ʯࣨǮ֣ ƣһǮ֣ ʷۣһǮ Ƥ˷֣ 
ˮ 
\x\x 
֣һǮ֣ ϸأǮ֣ ƣһǮ֣ һǮ ưأһǮ 
â֣ 
ˮ 
\xţƳ\x 
ţһ軯ĩһǮַ֮¡ٷ 
\xҺ\x 
ҺڼӴƣǮ âһǮ֣ º鷳ߡа ߵߡ֮аδҲ 
֮ 
\x\xǰ 
ӸʲݣһǮ Ż߼ӽ֭ף 
²ŻڿаȼлйҲ֤ûʶ໬ߵʪ·֮ 
\x\x 
һǮ ˣһǮ 𣨰˷֣ 㶹һǮ 
ˮ 
²ɫ筲ߡаѪҲӪ̦֮ߡʪ·֮ 
\xӪ\xǰ 
ߡ֮ 
\x\xǰ 
²ºߡӼɢ֮ºҺ˲øԴӼӼ̷ 
 
ҩζ 
\xӼɢ\x 
ɢ ȥ̶ӲɣǮ ֣һǮ ƤһǮ ʣһǮ֣ 
Ѫ档Ǻȡ辷ղҡ֤Ϥߡ졣ߡθ 
΢֮ͨѡййҲ 
\xθ\xǰ 
¶ߡС١Ϻɫ̫ҲɢԪΡ߼ӻۡ 
߼ӽ֭лơСߡ֮ࡣߡ֮緢÷ߡϡ 
ڡ 
沿մ˷ð֮ܶƷʪ ֮ࡣ 
²޺ʵ֤δߡ¡С㲻ߡСȽᡣܻҲˮøʿϻ 
֮ 
\x\x 
ԪΣǮ ֣ έ֭׳壩 ϸأǮ ưأ֣ ¶׳壩  
 
Ǯ ˣ֣ ʲݣһǮ֣ 
ˮ 
²С㲻ߡԵˮ߰ɢࣩ֮Ҳ²ߡɴÿຮࣩ֮ 
ֿܻҲ²º˲ɼʳʳ򲡱ظʮʱ󡣻嵭֮ʳิ 
Ҳ 
²ºȡϽءʮղߡθҺҲθҺ֮º̦δ˾ 
΢ȡ΢ࡣ΢ʡ΢ǳߡҺθ֮΢ߡ½ó 
֤֮硣йк 
\xθ\xǰ \xҺ\xǰ 
²ϤὬ֮ 
\xϤὬ\xǰ 
²¶´¶ơߡţ֮ 
\xţ\xǰ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>½ƪ
ԣȶ¶ͬΣ 
²¡δ¡ࡣڸݺڴߡаˮҲʵߡԿ 
֮ȡ㱳ߡаȶҲӼ֮²ǿ 
ߡ˽ҺҲ˸Ͻ 
²պߡڳ㡣Ҳ˸֤ 
;ˡ²ⲻߡ˸ȶ߼˲Ρ 
²ѷ¶Ȳˡ⡣ʢߡаҲ븴 
²ɢߡνβҲ븴²º󡣿ʸɡ 
ߡ̦ߡҺҲ븴 
\xӼ\xվӼҲ 
˸ʲݣǮ ɵػƣǮ ֣Ǯ 󶬣Ǯģ һǮ֣ ʣһǮ 
֣ 
ˮߡʲݼǮػưּǮ󶬼Ǯ֡ 
²ǿ衣ԳߡҺ˹Ҳ֮ 
\x\x 
ڼӼȥʼǣǮ ĵãǮ ɢ߼˲ΣһǮ º 
СδҲһ׼֮һպ㲻硣һ׸ 
½²ߡһ׸ϵڸСԢ֮⣩ 
\xһ׼\x 
ĵãһϸ 
ˮ 
\xһ׸\x 
ڼӼȥʼĵãǮ 
а½ɳݺڡָ䶯ߡˮܿܺľҲʡ׸֮ 
\x׸\x 
ڼӼڼĵãǮ֣ ףǮ ½²ϸ١дʹ 
ߡ 
鲻ܼľηšľʧżҲ׸֮ 
\x׸\x 
ڶ׸ڼ壨Ǯ 
²ķߡߡ׳𸴳Ҳ֮ 
\x\x 
Ǯ ˣһǮ Ǯ ֣һǮ ӻƣö 
ˮ˱ȼζȡȥҡҽ뼦ӻƽȡη 
ҹ޺ߡа֡Ҳ֮ 
\x\x 
Ǯ ףǮ ϸأǮ ֪ĸǮ ƤǮ 
ˮ 
ܡ߯ϸߡаþ½˸ҺżҲС֮ 
\xС\x 
ӻƣһöã 氢Ǯ 壨Ǯ ͯ㣨һ ˣǮ 
ˮ屭ȼ嵭ˡȡȥҡ밢ϻ뼦ӻƽȡٳͯٷ 
½² ̦١ʱʱߡа˸Ҳ󶨷֤֮ 
 
ɣ 
\x󶨷\x 
֣Ǯ Ǯ 壨Ǯ ɵػƣǮ ʣǮ ζӣ 
Ǯ ĵãǮ 󶬣Ǯģ ˸ʲݣǮ ӻƣö ףǮ 
ˮ˱ȥҡ뼦ӻƽȡη߼˲ΡԺ߼˲С󡣼߼˲С 
׳ʢߡö鸴аߡûߡ 
½²衣̷󡣿ءĿȧ졣׳ߡаδҲţѩ 
֮а븴Ǳ֤ϸΡµҡ 
\xţ ѩ\xǰ \x\xǰ 
\x׸\xǰ 
а״ºͨаҩҺ顣ܼսߡ 
սҲ֮߼˲˼ʢδ״亹Գɧ 
ʱڲʡڶߡѪҲϬǵػ֮ 
\xϬǵػ\x 
ҹٸСաʵߡаʢѪҲʳ֮ 
\xʳ\x 
ƣǮ֣ âһǮ ʣһǮ֣ 飨һǮ֣ ҩһǮ֣ ƤһǮ֣ 
ˮ 
²ҩСϡˮŧѪߡȳҲһ֮ 
\xһ\x 
ʯ֬ǮǮһǮϸĩ ڽһǮ֣ ׾ףǮ ˮһȥ 
ʯ֬ĩ· ߼˲Ρ 
²߰պ̦١ʮСȲߡаѾƢҲһ֮ 
\xһ\x 
˲ΣǮ ˸ʲݣǮ ʯ֬Ǯϸĩ ׾ףϣ 
ˮʮȼβݡȡȥ뾬ȡһʯ֬ĩǮٷֹ֮ͣ粻ֹٷڶ 
ÿζʯ֬ĩǮȹúߡӸɽǮŮ²ˮȡҹ 
 
 
ߡѪҲȡѪ֮֡ 
\x\x 
Ǯ ɣҶһǮ֣ ֪ĸһǮ ףǮ ֣һǮ֣ أǮ Ƥһ 
Ǯ֣ ΣǮ ˮ ׳ʢ˷֮߼ӲһǮ֣Ů²ˮ 
Żʡʮղ⡣аݷѪ没ҲҶŮ֮ 
\xҶŮ\x 
ʯࣨǮ ɵػƣǮ 󶬣Ǯ ֪ĸһǮ ţϥһǮ ҶһǮ 
֣ 
ˮıȼʯػơȡζһ· 
ѪҡѪҩаȥ롣а⡣ߡ֮ 
\x\x 
֣Ǯ֣ ˸ʲݣһǮ ˲ΣһǮ 󶬣һǮĳ أһǮֳ 
ˮ 
Ѫҡаȥ˾šĺ΢ȡߡаࡣѪ没ҲӲθ֮ 
\xӲθ\x 
ڸڼ˲һǮ֡ 
ŮȲˮʮղ⡣䡣ķȡҡҳߡѪҲ 
ʳ֮ 
\xӼʳ\x 
ƣһǮƣ ʣһǮֳ ϸأǮ ƤǮ һǮ аףһǮ 
ˮ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ʪϽƪ
ԣͬ· 
ʪ³ͷʹ񺮡ʹɫơײʡƲȡϸߡаϽҲ 
֮ʪ²衣йʪءֻΡ󼱹ʪа 
塣 
仺Ҳ 
\x\x 
ʣǮ֣ ɻʯǮ ͨݣһǮ ޢʣһǮ ҶһǮ Ũӣһ 
Ǯ ʣǮ ģǮ֣ ˮ̦ޢޢƤаھһǣʹ߼ӷһǮ 
ֹ֦ˮ ܴǮƳ 
ʪ¶䡣ɢҩ亮ߡΪʪҲ֮ͨ 
\xͨ\x 
«Ǯ ͨݣǮ 
ˮ塣ȷ֮ú⡣ʪ̦ߡʪ̾ɰҲʣ֮ 
\xʽ\x 
ʣǮ ׽ӣһǮ֣ ľͨһǮֽˮ ˷ˮ ̣Ǯ ӣһ 
Ǯ֣ ʯǮ «һǮ֣ ҶһǮ ߣǮģǮ 
ˮ 
ʪ̦ߡаİϽҲ֮֮Ʒ 
\x\x 
ϬǣһǮ֣ һǮ֣ ̣Ǯ Ǯ ʯǮ ѣ 
Ǯ أǮ ҶһǮ֣ «֭Ǯ壩 Ǯ壩 ֭һγ壩 
ˮ 
ʪ֫ߡаİѭҲӼ幬ѩ 
\xӼ幬\x 
ϬǣһǮ ģǮ ԪģǮ ҶģǮ Ǯ СƤ 
Ǯ 
\x\xǰ \xѩ\x 
ʪ֤־ģ̦ߡʪಫҲʽ۹̦֮塣 
Ϊ 
ʪǰιۡʸڴˡ 
\xʽ۹\x 
ʣǮ ۹Ǯ ϸ֣ ׽ӣһǮ ߣǮ кһǮ֣ ͨݣһǮ 
ˮ 
ʢ֮ʱȻò׳ȡͷʹʹ֧̦ۡɡ 
ߡ߶˴ȾԿڱļԭҲԭ֮ߡɢ͸粻Чôԭ 
\xԭ\x 
ŨӣһǮ ݹ֣ ֪ĸһǮ ֣һǮ ˣһǮ ʲݣ֣  
ƣǮ 
ˮ˷֡ߡսҲú⡣ 
ʪºʹߡаշҲɢ֮ 
\xɢ\x 
̣Ǯ ţӣǮ һǮ֣ ɣһǮ һǮ 
ˮ ʺʹ߼ӻʯǮ ۹һǮ֣ έһǮ֣ 
̫ʪ±ߡ߯ϽҲ֮ 
\x\x 
ҶǮ һǮ֣ ɣһǮ ͨݣһǮ һǮ֣ 
ˮ 
̫ʪ´ߡʪ̵Ҳζǧέ֮ڴ 
\xζǧέ\x 
έǮ֣ ʣǮ֣ ʣһǮ ʣһǮ ʣһǮ֣ 
ʯһǮ֣ 
ˮ 
³ͷʹȡķڿʺߡϽ̫Ҳζˮɢ֮ 
ڿߡ𱻻Ҳ׻֮ߡҲ׻˲֮ߡʪҲ 
׻Ӳ֮ҡ˽áԵ֮Ʒ֮ 
\xζˮɢ\x 
ʣǮ ҶһǮ ̣Ǯ έǮ Ǯ ʯǮ 
ʺҶһǣ ʱⶹǮ ʲݣ֣ 
ˮ 
΢߼ӱҶһǮ Ż¼޽㣨һǮ ֣ 
\x׻\xǰ \x׻˲\xǰ 
\x׻Ӳ\x 
ڰ׻ڼӲһǮ 
̫¡ͷʹȡķڿʡηߡΪҲ¼޸֮ 
 
΢úٷ޸Ҳ 
\x¼޸\x 
޸һǮ һǮ֣ ʱⶹһǮ֣ ŨӣһǮ ̣һǮ 
ˮ 
֫뵡١ߡķơڿԺߡ֮аѾ뵡ڿʺ 
ࡣɢߡɢ֮аδ򲻿ɢ֮شΡ 
\x\xӢԫ֮ʵ˷ 
ΣǮ ʯǮ 󶬣Ǯ ҶǮ ɹһǮ ֪ĸǮ ʲݣ˷֣  
ϴ£Ǯ ףǮ 
ˮ üӳɽ١ 
\xɢ\x 
˲ΣһǮ֣ 󶬣һǮȥģ ζӣ֣ 
ˮ 
аδ塣ͷ΢͡Ŀߡ֮ 
\x\x 
Ǯ ʺҶߣǮ ϴ£Ǯ ˿ƤǮ ʱⶹһ֦  
ҶģǮ 
ˮ˷ξ֤֮Կ̫֮¡ȶ̵ߡ˷Ҳһ֮ 
\xһ\x 
ԭڼӸʲݣһǮ ۹Ǯ ʣǮ 󶬣Ǯ 
·ȡײѪߡѪ㲡ҲԻ񩡣֮ 
\x\x 
ԭڼӻʯǮ ʣǮ ʣǮ ̫¡̵಻ʡʲ 
ߡ¶ͣҲζСļ֮ 
\xζСļ\x 
ģǮ֣ ߣǮ ŨӣһǮ һǮ֣ ʣһǮ 
ˮ· 
ҹ²ࡣʱĿաϲղߡİҲӪ̦֮ 
סʪҲʪ·֮ 
¡Ȳ񺮡ʱʱߡţ֮ѩ֮ 
С¡ȻߡԻӪ֮ȳӪηڶ ߡӹٵƤǡ 
ѩηͬ 
\xӪ\x 
ϬǣһǮ֣ أǮ֣ ԪΣһǮ֣ 󶬣һǮ֣ ΣһǮ  
ҶģһǮ һǮ֣ һǮ֣ ̣һǮã 
ˮ 
\xţ\x \xѩ\xǰ 
Ķͷʹ΢񺮡ෳʡ妶ߡﶬΪ̫Ӽɢ֮ 
\xɢ\xǰ 
׿ڿ޺ԭȥţԪμࣨǮ ɻʯǮ ƼһǮ֣ һ 
Ǯ 
֣ Ż̵߼ӰģǮ ߣǮ С̼ʣǮ֣ ͨݣһǮ֣ 
ڿ޺ԭأǮ ƤһǮ֣ ֣һǮ֣ 󶬣Ǯ 
׿ڿк󺹲ֹԭȥţԪνʣǮ ʯࣨǮ ˣһǮ֣ 
̫׺ࡣڿߡð׻ߡ˲ΰ׻ڿʺ߼Ӽ 
ɢ֮ 
\x׻\x \x˲ΰ׻\xǰ 
\xӼɢ\x 
ɳΣһǮ֣ 󶬣һǮ֣ ζӣ֣ ƤһǮ ϸأһǮ֣ 
ˮ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ʪнƪ
ԣͬ· 
ʪϽδ塣顣ù¡ʶɡ໬ߡҲ˲к֮ʪ֤ 
໬妻Դ˶Ϊ󡣱ϸ档ʵϵа߷ô˷δ档á 
\x˲к\x 
˲ΣһǮ ɽһǮ ˷֣ ˣһǮ ʵ֣ ֣һǮ 
ˮ 
Կڱǡļԭֱеʳϲߡ֮ 
\x\x 
ƤǮ ۹Ǯ ɽ٣һǮ֣ ׿ǣһǮ֣ һǮ֣  
һǮ֣ ĩһǮ˷֣ 
ˮ 
ܻʪֲͷʹŻ档̦׿ʲС㲻ͨʶߡﾭอΪʪ 
Ҳȷţ衣̷Ƥ 
\xţ\xǰ 
\xƤ\x 
ƤǮ ʣǮ ߣǮ ƤǮ ͨݣǮ Ҷһ 
Ǯ֣ 
ˮ 
ʪ¡ΪߡʪθҲ֮ 
\x\x 
ƤǮ 㣨Ǯ ٣߸ ֭׳壩 
ˮ· ̵߼˪ Ѫ߼ 
ʪ͡㲻ˬߡʧ˾㲡Ҳһɢ֮ʪʹ硣 
ģߡʪҲɢ֮ʪơߡʪҲɢ֮ʪ 
׻һߡʪҲļɢ֮ʪƱйߡƢθҲɢ֮ĩ 
 
֤ʪͬɢڴˡ 
\xһɢ\x 
޽㹣Ǯ ŨӣǮ ʣǮ ƤһǮ ƤǮ һǮ 
֣ ѿһǮ֣ £Ǯ ƤһǮ 
\xɢ\x 
޽㹣Ǯ ƤǮ ŨӣǮ ƤǮ ľǮ 󶹻 
Ǯ ͨݣһǮ֣ ʣǮ 
\xɢ\x 
޽㣨ǮҶ ߣǮ ŨӣǮ ƤһǮ֣ ʣǮ  
ʯǮ 
\xļɢ\x 
޽㹣Ǯ ŨӣǮ ߣǮ ƤһǮ֣ ݹһǮ ɽ髣 
Ǯ Ǯ 
\xɢ\x 
޽㹣Ǯ ƤһǮ֣ ߣǮ ŨӣǮ ƤһǮ֣  
ѿһǮ Ǯ 
Ͼˮ屭ֶη޽һͳʱðʱвͬδ⻥з˱ 
ͨ˿˿ۡΪѧ˿޷šϸ֮ 
ʹ̦ƶʲ򾹲ʡȽ⡣̶ߡаƢθ硣ʪҲ 
˻ʯ֮ 
\x˻ʯ\x 
ˣһǮ֣ ʯһǮ֣ ߣһǮ֣ ƤһǮ ޢʣһǮ 
ͨݣ֣ ߣһǮ֣ 
ˮ 
ʪ¡ŻߡʪҲСļ֮ŻƦߡаͣಫҲһӰк 
 
֮ 
\xСļ\x 
ģǮ ߣǮ Ǯ 
ˮ 
\xһӰк\x 
ģǮ һǮ ˣһǮ֣ ʵһǮ֣ һǮ֣ 
ˮ ߼˲δ档 
ʪ´΢ܰӲ̦ŨߡʪȡಫҲƾ軺֤֮ 
 
¡ϡˮΪ֤ 
\xƾ\x 
ƣ Ϊĩˮ衣̶ÿһǮǮ׿ˮ¡ÿϼԪۣһ 
黬ͷΡ񺮡ȡϻƻ̦ʡˮŻ֮ʹС̡ 
ߡתˮҲζС֮ 
\xζС\x 
һǮ 䣨һǮ֣ ʵһǮ ģǮ 
ˮ 
¡ʳ㡣̵ۡƦߡʪȻᡣнҲӰк֮ 
\xӰк\x 
ģǮ ߷֣ ˣһǮ ʵ߷֣ ʣһǮ 
ˮ ߼˲Σ߷֣ 棨һ 
¡ʸɡˮĿࡣơʵߡʪѻȶҲС֮ 
\xС\x 
໬΢ߡаҲʯ֮а̦ߡȲѪҲζ幬֮ 
ʶߡȱҲȷѩٷ幬ԭӼ 
\xʯ\x 
ɻʯһǮ֣ ʯࣨǮ֣ ˮʯһǮ֣ ʣһǮ֣ 㣨һǮ 
 һǮ֣¶ ֭Ʊ壩 ͨݣһǮ 
ˮ 
\xζ幬\x 
幬ڼ֪ĸǮ Ǯ ׳壩 
·ܡҰסƦơŻ񡣷ߡʪȽ졣ֱսҲʻʯ 
֮ 
\xʻʯ\x 
ʣǮ ʯǮ ˣһǮ֣ ٺ죨һǮ ֣ һǮ 
֣ ͨݣ˷֣ ŨӣһǮ֣ ģǮ 
ˮ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>ʪ½ƪ
ԣͬ· 
ʪ¾衣ٸӲ㲻ߡʪ½Ҳ嵼֮ 
\x嵼\x 
ߣǮ֣ ߣǮ֣ ˮʯǮ ɰǮ ӣһǮ 
֣ȥƤ 
ˮ 
ʪ衣ա㲻ͨߡΪʪҲ֮ 
\x\x 
ʯ ư 
϶ζȷΪϸĩΪ衣ӴÿһǮ׹ˮ¡ 
ʪ²Ⱦò⡣ڿɡȻ㴤ߡа͡Ҳ֮ 
 
ͨߡȥĵá;ƾ칥֮ 
\x\x 
ǣһǮ֣ ŮӣǮ ٣һǮ֣ أǮ ʯǮã 
ףǮ׳ ĵãǮ ջһǮ֣ ɣҶһǮ֣ 
ˮ 
ʪ·вʹȻ򲻿ȡȲűߡʪаΪ֧вҲϲ֤ 
֮ 
\x㸽\x 
㸽һǮ֣ һǮ־ ˪һǮ֣ ƤһǮ  
Ǯ֣ ߣһǮ֣ ʣǮ֣ ʣǮ 
ˮ· ߼Ũӡʹ߼ӽĩаߡĻҺܿҲߡа 
ʧҲ÷֮ȷߡȷѩٷ÷ 
\x÷\x 
÷һǮȥˣ һǮ 󶬣һǮģ أһǮ֣ һǮ 
ˮ ߼˲Ρ 
аʡ°ʵŻ»סȡкѪˮ¸ߡľˡа 
ΣҲ÷֮ 
\x÷\x˷ȲáԸаΪ˴پ÷跽 
һǮ ˣһǮ ɽ 
һǮ ֣һǮ֣ һǮ֣ڣ ÷һǮȥˣ ˲ΣһǮ ʵ˷֣  
ģһǮ 
ˮ 
аθ˲СӼ¡ءҿڿߡаڽᡣǽ졣ΣҲ֮ 
\x\x 
̫ʯһ ƣһ ٺ죨Ǯ ʯһͬΪĩ΢𳴽ɰӴ Ƥ 
Ǯȥף ֬Ǯȥɳ̾ 
Ϊϸĩ׺Ϊ衣Ӵÿһʮ衣¡ 
аȡ޲ʳʡʶߡҺԪҲ֮ 
\x\x 
˲ΣǮ 춬һǮ֣ ɵػƣǮ֣ 
ˮ· ߼ζ ߼˸ʲ 
ѪѪ֤ͬϾ½ƪ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>²ηҪ
ԣ²ࡣǲ꾡شʾģ֪ɶѡ 
һࡣ̦֮ߡΪסаҲŨΪסʪ̵ҲߡΪɰסθ 
ˡδƶѸҲԸʺ֮ת鹥¡ٹ˼̦Ϊۡ 
ߡΪ۰ס߶ļԭҲ²ءɢ͸⡣粻Чôԭ 
һࡣеضŨΪŨơϻƻһơҺ̦֮ơʱ˼Һ  
ƶ󡣻򱡶ߡδ˽Ҳ̿͸ߡ˸ʺ򡣼ɿ֮ҩư档֮аδȫ 
ñη 
һࡣ̦ڶΪâ̡â̡лư׺ɫΪϽȼθȶҲ 
ð׻ȼڶΪɹ¡̦Ϊθ˸ʺθе¶¡ѼԺߡ 
̦ƤδѡѡҲ 
һࡣ̦ɫΪࡣ筶ưɫߡ֮аδȫӪɫлư㡣 
ߡȶʢҲ˻֭֮ɫߡаӪܲҲϬʯѵζţ 
֮ɫϰѪаಫɢѪ֮Ʒ絤Ƥ֮ࡣ筶ɿݲߡ 
Ҳ԰ӻƵػ춬Ⱦ֮ 
һԺ²аѬɢԳΪԺа˺ֹԺȴʡϵ׻֤аʢ 
Ժºս⡣ΪҲ 
һ򺹳ֹҲ²аʢ⡣а˺ֹΪ² 
õʳͶԺߡ˱Ҳ 
һսаҲʢһս⡣аʢս޺սʱŶȻ⡣ 
粻⡣աһաظսΪű 
һ䡣²ս󡣷ԲӺй֮ʡ䰲Ծһҹ 
Ȼů糣Ϊ֤̺֤ؼŲܰԡͻ˯а˲֮ 
Ҳ 
һơʪնСС㲻ơơҲươʪҲ 
ɢӻʯľͨɢӹٹŨ֮ࡣ 
һűűű볣űͬűֹʱֹ޶űƽءȲű 
ʳʡ̦˼ʳ̦Ũ塣űòΩȥ 
ǳüӼƢ֮ 
һ²ʪ̡Ѫ͡³ߡüӼ֮ 
һ֤ʪа;硣ϥءļѡư졣㡣ʧΡ˼ȻΪ 
֤ӡɺ ţϥɣ֦֦֮һء䰴֮ʹҲüζС 
֮ʹ¡ơ֮βʹߡΪƦ֮ƷƤޯסʵ֮ࡣ 
衣¾ܰ˲ͶҲ 
һ֤䡣ɹͷʹȶаС 
Ϊ档༴ʡؽȰܶҩԻڱ²֮ 
һԸаˡ򷴸ν֮ԸаδҲ֤ҩ֮ 
һʳ²ʳȸظơԻʳʳҩ 
֮ 
һ͸֤ƽΩԪδͶԡͷǰ֤Ѫ 
ԪԸ򲻿ͼٰ֮ 
һת䡣²ҩ֪ת䡣ִʪ¡΢֮ˡҩʮߡáֹ 
ҲԻ֮ˡҩʮߡȼԲ²ֻϨҲ縴С 
Ϊ²Һɿݡηڶ֮ʥҩȻ󡣲ƽҺ˸Ч֮ 
̫θʳ֮֮ҩв̲ľˡҲ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣ\xӼƢ\x 
ƤһǮ֣ ģһǮ֣ ˣһǮ ʲݣһǮ ߣǮ  
Ǯ ƤһǮ֣ ŨӣһǮ ݹ˷֣ һƬ 棨ö 
ˮ 
\xӼ\x 
飨Ǯ ֣Ǯ ˣǮ һǮ֣ ŨӣһǮ֣ ľ㣨һ 
ǮУ ƤǮ 
ˮ 
\xɢ\x 
ߣǮ ߣ˷֣ к˷֣ һǮ֣ 
ˮ 

