<ƪ>ҽ
ҽ
ߣ˼  
  
ݣԪ1644-1911  

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣҽ֮٭գͨ壬ȨϢ֮Ϊ֮ɣɡڿȻ 
ζȻķͨҽνȫȫˡʱƳ˼ʣϲ 
ϰƾģδض飬첻¼ϯñȻʮ׿޴ΩǼ飬 
ѧ֮ģȡֵ书ﻧ⡣̸ҽ򲻸֪֮Ҳ֮Ҳž֣ 
ҵ壬ϳ⣬ѧģҽ־Եĸϻξ֢ϰƣδճι֮ܣԽ 
­֮Ч൤࣬Ӧּ֮ ʱǰ֮壬ĵ֮Ԫ΢ 
ԳһԣΪҽԻҽν֮ʧɿɣν֮޲ɡ 
ߣӹҽ֮խҲߣҽ֮Ҳžױ࣬밵ȣƬצش֣ 
Ѽһߡݲϰž֮ҽƣգΪĸѧҽТҲҽҲТԳɣ֮ 
ġϴԲ֪ҽߣȥҮȳɣ㣬ࡣ֮ǿƣ̶ƿ  
ҲںȻžȱҽ֢췽ҽչȺм֮ 
У˹٣вҽߣǱʸɶ֮ԮʶΪ֮ 
\xʱδʿѡѵù\x 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>
ԣӲʧдѵϰҵ˼Լ׻ξң֮ңϤΣڱԭ 
ϲģӼһ꣬ЧĸķνԻңɴ£ʹĸࡣ˼ 
ҽҽڴˣ岻塣£ҮΣĸ͡顷ءڵ䣬 
ټ顣߱ض̣ʵĸɢʩ似ˣΡʼ쾭ߣ 
۹УϤһǩ֮ԻҽʵԾʧɡʹѪΣĸף췢Ը 
飬ȻⲡʵĸϳϸҲ쾹ʹԴа̲ߣؿ֮ 
˲֪ߣתʹ˸Ҳ֮ҵ岻壬Ҳ졣ԳҲξƼ 
֮Ȱĸ־ĩԸ֮ߣܿɣ 
\xʱδɽ´֮\x 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>Ӹ
ԣھԻʹġѪѪͶȱ ʹ 
䣬ȱգʵΪ֤϶Խȶײʹϸ񺮣Ż²ʳйк 
֫䣬Ϊ֤ʢıȣ΢΢ʹʱŧߣΪ֮ 
֤Բθη֮ҪҲúԶԶȣ߷֮Υʱشִ֤ 
޲ӡӸҶ⡣Ӹʵ֤֮Ѫȶ͡׾֤֮Ѫ˹ 
֤ηһറ֮̿Ͷķ飬ӸҲΣɻ֮ݺҵǿ߿ɲ 
Ӹ࣬¡ 

<Ŀ¼>
<ƪ>Ӹ
ԣǰƪߣбʵ֮䡣䲡Ѽ乣ţ֤֤֮֮ɡߣҲ 
ԻҲ֮󡣼ߣҲԺҲ֮ɣϤ¡ 
ڸͻֹһ㣬ͷ¶ߣҲ 
ȶʹ״˵ʹν֤ߣҲԳСͷƽ飬޸ͻ֮״ 
ֹԲԲһ֮Ӱߣ˼Ҳ˵Աʵ 
֤ͬ 
ŧƶʹߣҲ 
ŧ࣬ɫϺڣ򴯿֮״ʹߣ˼Ҳ 
տڣӵƤ壬ŧƺŧŧߣҲ 
ɫͣŧѪ࣬Ƥȫ֮ƤԸۣвԷ 
ʹߣԼҲ 
\xӸ\x· һӸ֤ѳɼٷУ¶ 
Ҳ 
һ 飨Ǯ  Ǯ ʲݣǮ 㣨Ǯȥͣ ûҩһǮȥͣ 
ƣһǮ 磨߷֣ ɽףƬ ǮţƤø۰賴ζϹ֮ʤ 
ˮ 
\xɢ\x· ͬǰ֤ѳδ߷֤֮ 
˲ΣǮ  Ǯ 飨Ǯ ʲݣǮ 㣨һǮ ûҩһǮ 
ɽףƬ ţƤǮ߼ѣĵ÷۳顣 
ˮ 
\xɢ\x· ͬǰ֤ 
һ ˲ΣǮ  Ǯ Ǯ飬ǳá ʲݣǮ 
ɽףƬ 飨Ǯ 
ˮ 
\xʮɢ\x· ͬǰ֤纮ðѪŧߣЧ 
˲ΣǮ  Ǯ 飨Ǯ ٹ֣ ܺ˷֣ 磨һǮ ƣһǮ 
ɽףƬ Ǯ飩 ʲݣǮ 
ˮ 
\xת\x· ǰ֤֤ߡ 
˲ΣǮ  Ǯ Զ־Ǯ һ ʲݣǮ һǮ 
á Ǯ飩 
ˮһ㣬꼰Ѯһŧۣҽ߲⣬ЧټӴ֤֮ 
ӣɫݣйкֹԻอѿΪ˶ǰһʹֹʮ 
֤ϤԻһɳԡ쵤ϪԻòԪΪ˹ŷȻۣ֮ 
ѣɿҲ 
\xӸ\x· ͬǰ֤ѪŧˮöߣѪˣ 
˲ΣǮ 飨Ǯ Ǯŧ಻ɽҩ ߣǮ ʲݣǮ 
ƣǮˮ賴 һǮ ܺ˷֣ أǮ ţƤǮ飩 
ˮģʳţУ 
\x\x һҡԿע̵ ʧ٣Һ ʯҵ֤˵һҲ 
أһ ¹ǽǮ ׽ӣǮ ʲݣһǮ޴ζ׼֮  һǮ 
ڽ֣ ƣ֣ 
ˮ壬ȥ¹ǽܣ ䷿£Ϊֹ۶Ľ 
ˣ鼫ߣڽɼһãӸӸƱ¼Բˡ 
ļ˱֮ 
\x;ȼ\x· ǰ֤䵹ݲŧΣ֤ 
أһ ¹ǽǮ ׽ӣǮ  𣨶Ǯ ӣһǮ ڽһǮ 
˲ΣǮ 飨Ǯö 
ˮйߣӱζʮ 
\xʮ\x· ͬǰ֤ŧѪ𣬻ҩ˷̫α 
֤ҶƥƳò 
أһ ɽҩǮ 轣Ǯ ɽ⣨Ǯ ¹ǽǮ ׽ӣǮ 
˲ΣǮ 
飨Ǯ֮öɡ һǮ ӣǮ 
ˮйߡӲ֬ǮƳ 
\x̱칦\x· ͬǰ֤òѪ𣬻ҩ˷Żйк״ҰǱΣ 
֤˲ȱ֮ԾҲ 
أǮ Ǯ ɽҩǮ ˲ΣǮ  Ǯ 轣Ǯ 
⣨Ǯ ֬Ǯ ʣǮ ʲݣǮ  𣨶Ǯ ӣһǮ  
ڽһǮ 
ˮ 
\xͶ\x ʪ̵עҡǲ۷硢ҵ֤ٸ飩 
ģǮƼѣ ٺ죨֣ ׽ӣǮǲ۷ýϣ ߣǮ ʲݣһǮ 
ϹһǮ ڽ֣ ƣ֣ 
ˮȡ֮ 
\xͻ\x· ιǲ۷֤ 
¹ǽǮ ϣǮѷ磩 ׽ӣǮ ʲݣһǮ  һǮ ڽ֣ 
ƣ֣ 
ˮ 
\x;Ⱦ\x· ͬǰ֤¼ߣ 
˲ΣǮ Ǯ ߣǮ ưģǮ ٺ죨֣ ϣǮ ʲ 
һǮ  һǮ ڽ֣ ƣ֣ 
ˮ 
\xѵ\x ζԿӸ 
ѵ٣߸ָѣ ʺڣһ ˮδɼܰŧտڡ仼 
˾ŴЧ 
\xﻯɢ\x· ͬǰ֤ 
ʺڣһ 飨Ǯ ʲݣǮ ûҩһǮ 㣨һǮ ѵ٣߸߱ã 
˲ΣǮ  Ǯ 
ˮ 
\xҩ\x ͬǰ֤ 
㣨һβȥۣ ٳ˪Ǯ 
· Ӷ˷һȥҽɣ ãŨ󻼴۳һ 
׳һռ 
\xʥ\x· ζԿҡͷҲ 
˲ΣǮ  Ǯ 飨Ǯ ڣһ ׽ӣǮ  һǮ 
¹ǽǮ 
ˮ 
\xΣ̱\x· ͬǰ֤Ӳòߣ 
أǮ ڣǮ 飨Ǯɽҩɣ ˲ΣǮ  Ǯ 
轣Ǯ ɽ⣨Ǯ ¹ǽǮ ׽ӣǮ ʲݣǮ  𣨶Ǯ  
ӣǮ ڽһǮ 
ˮ 
\x©«\x· κӸӸͬΣ 
©«Ǯ ̣Ǯ ԪΣǮ ţӣǮ ƣ֤ã ʲݣ˷֣ 
ϬǣһǮζ֮ ˣһǮ Ҷɣ 
ˮâ 
\x Ŀ\x  衣 
ʯзǮĩ ̣Ǯ룩 ǣһǮ ݾһǮ ޼һǮ һǮ 
εӣһǮ ݣ־Ƴ ľݣ֣ ʾջ˷֣ ˮ ⼰Ĥ 
֤񣬰ٷ֮طҲΩ߼ɷ 
\xɢ\x ͬǰ֤ 
첻ʳݣǮʯݴ 죨һǮ ܺһǮ 
ΪϸĩȺˮһڣҩУ°ײˮպҩɣΪȣ 
 
\xĿ\x Ŀʹ 
أǮ ɽ⣨Ǯ ިǮ ӣǮ ʾջǮ 飨Ǯ 
֣Ǯ ֣ ǰӣǮ ׽ӣǮ 
ˮ 
\x鷽\x αԨ©֤Ҳ鲻 
ֹԻԨ˷˸ԶҺ֤֮ҲԻΪ飬ԻԡԭʽԻԻ 
˸ȼΪˮȻԭԪʻηȷνǽҺ֮½ 
ڿתΪ飬ҺΪ֮ӡεԴ˷֮ 
ӣһЮζƽ޶ ΪĩþƣɣǮ߲˷ȡ 
Ԫ©ֹҲ 
\x׵ػ\x· ǰ֤© 
أһ ɽ⣨Ǯ ɽҩǮ ߣǮ ƤǮ кǮ ˲ 
Ǯ ¹ףǮ¹ǽɣ 
ˮ 
\x©«\x· αۡ 
©«Ǯ룩 һǮ ˣһǮ ̣һǮ ϬǣһǮ ֣һǮ ۹һǮ 
ʲݣ˷ 
ˮ 
\xȴ\x η۶ 
ϻضһ һ ׹ʮȥǣ ۹Ǯ ʲݣǮ ֪ĸһǮ 
ˮ˷ͷڽۣδЧ 
\x۾ȴ\x· ͬǰ֤ 
Ǯ أǮ ׹ʮȥǣ ۹Ǯ 飨Ǯ ֣һǮ Ϭ 
ǣһǮ ʲݣһǮ 
ˮķԻ÷ϣίѨϽߣ̳Ѫ¼Ա 
á 
\xŮ\x ʵʹ 
ʯࣨǮ ֪ĸǮ ԪΣǮ أǮ 󶬣Ǯ 
ˮ 
\xθ\x· ͬǰ֤ 
ԪΣǮ أǮ 󶬣Ǯ 鲹һǮ ɽҩǮ ߣǮ Ƥ 
Ǯ 컨ۣ˷֣ 
ˮ 
\xػ\x ʹ 
أһ ëǮ鲹 ɽҩǮ ߣǮ ĵƤǮ кǮ 
󶬣 
Ǯ ζһǮ ˼ã 
ˮ 
\x\x Ӹ 
أǮ ֣Ǯ룩 ĵƤһǮ ϬǣһǮ ̣һǮ 󶬣һǮ ɽ 
٣һǮ ľͨһǮ ֣ ʲݣ˷֣ 
ˮʵӴơ 
\xѪ\x· ϳѪ 
Ǯ أǮ ƤǮ ߣǮ 
ˮ˷Ч 
\xⶾػ\x·  Ӹ 
أǮרɢѪɵػƴԱ ֣Ǯ룩 ƤһǮ ϬǣһǮ ˣһǮ 
ưأһǮ ӣһǮ ֣ ʲݣ˷ 
ˮ 
\xܶɢ\xHT  ʱʹҩη̵ԣͷʹȵ֤ 
棨Ǯ룩 磨Ǯ룩 ۹Ǯ룩 ֣Ǯ룩 ţӣǮ Ǯ 㱴ĸ 
Ǯ ̣Ǯ ɣһǮ ʲݣ˷֣ һ 
ˮ粡ߣǣǮ룩ࣨһҶ׼ƨһǮԼʣǮ 
̵ٺ졣һǮ 
\xɢ\xHT  ǰ֤ݡаߣ 
ƣǮļѣ âǮ ̣Ǯ ӣǮ ɣһǮ ֣  
ݣ˷֣ 
ˮߣǻϬǣ֮ 
\xϬ\xHT  ͬǰ֤ʹϺߣ 
ţӣǮ Ǯ ̣Ǯ ӣǮ 棨Ǯ룩 ֣Ǯ룩  
Ǯ룩 ʲݣ˷֣ ϬǣһǮ һǮ ࣨһҶ 
ˮսᣬƣǮ֮ 
\xռ\xHT  ͬǰ֤սᣬ֮ͨ 
ǣǮ ֪ 
ĸǮ ̣Ǯ ƣǮ ţӣǮ ϣǮ ɣǮ룩 ֣ 
ƨ˷֣  
ʲݣ˷֣ 
ˮ粡ߣϬǣǮ룩ƣãӽ֭ʱ 
ⶾΪһз¡ 
\x\xHT  
СأǮ عƤǮ ԪΣǮ ʲݣ˷֣ ֣Ǯ 󶬣Ǯȥģ 
ƤǮ ̶٣Ǯ 
ˮ 
\x\x ͬǰ֤ 
ţӣǮ Ǯ ̣Ǯ ԪΣǮ 棨Ǯ룩 ϣǮ룩 ۹ 
Ǯ룩 ɣһǮ һǮ ƨ˷֣ ʲݣ˷֣ 
ˮ粡ߣȥ۹Ǯơ 
\x\xHT  ͬǰ֤ 
棨Ǯ룩 ɣǮ룩 ̣Ǯ ˣһǮ лƣǮ һ ̶ 
٣һ ࣨһҶ 
ˮһ粡ƲˣϬǣһǮƣǮ֮С 
ã 
\xػ\xȣ ԡ 
أһ ɽ⣨Ǯ ɽҩǮ ߣǮ ƤǮ кǮ  
ӣһǮ  һǮ ţϥǮ ĵãǮ  
ˮһߣ긦ئ䣬ʹҽ֮ҩЧȡ֮ϸ 
жΡԻôʤ䡣֮Ȼǰ֮һ֪ʮѡȲ䱾 
´ӱ꣬вɥߣϣӡ 
\x\x ͬǰ֤ 
أ ɽ⣨һ 󶬣Ǯȥģ ζǮ  𣨶Ǯζø 
ɣ ţϥǮ ǰӣǮ 
ˮ֤ϵ麮޼֮򲻱ִҲ 
\xֻ\x· ͬǰ֤ 
أһ ɽ⣨Ǯ 󶬣Ǯ  
ζǮ ɽҩǮ ߣǮ ʯӢǮ  һǮ 
ˮ 
\x\x½ͬ Զ ͬǰ֤ 
أһ ɽ⣨Ǯ 󶬣Ǯ ζǮ ޲ʣǮ  𣨶Ǯ  
ΣһǮ ׽ӣǮ ߣǮ Ǯ 
ˮ 
\x\x ͬǰ֤ 
أ 죨һ 󶬣һ ζӣǮ ߣǮ 
ˮ 
\x¶\x ʴ֣Իʴһ֤ߣϿʺºʴ̵ 
֤ӡԻûҲ˹ʱζˮˮζ֮Σ 
ַǲƣ԰ζйܣ֮軥ˮ𣬶ˮܼȼãΩô˷֮ 
ʹˮ˾ְԿԴܵ麣ʹи֮ȻٰǰʩΣܻЧ 
ؽͼ¬Ī֮ӡ 
أǮ أһǮ 춬һǮ 󶬣һǮ ʯ˷֣ ׿ǣ˷ﳴ  
˷֣ ʲݣ֣ ҶһƬȥë 
ˮ 
\xǱ\x ͬǰ֤߲ߣ֮ 
أһʯ۵ ʯǮ ɳΣǮ 󶬣Ǯ ֣Ǯ 棨 
Ǯ ɽҩǮ ߣǮ 
ˮʴؼΣִҩɢҲ 
\xɢ\x· θӸ飩 
䣨һ̵Σ 飨Ǯ ʲݣǮ 㣨һǮƣ ûҩһǮƣ  
ƤһǮ ˷֣ Զ־Ǯ룬ȥģ 
ˮ 
\xַ\x ͬǰ֤ 
ĸǮ ƣǮ룩 㣨һǮ ûҩһǮ Ǯ 
ˮ 
\xһɵ\x ͬǰ֤Σ 
Ͷһȥͣ Ƭ ÷ճ裬ۻΪ£⣬ӡáüģ԰˳ 
Ǯ֮ʱﶬһգȥ֮ƥ 
\xӪ\x· ǰ֤ 
飨Ǯ ֣ǮƳ Ǯ أǮ ˲ΣǮ ߣǮ  
ܺǮ룩 ʲݣһǮ 㸽Ǯ֭ƣ ĿݲݣǮĸһ 
ˮ 
\xͨ\x· ֭ͨͣӸߡ 
ĵãǮ Ǯȥģ ⣨һ 
ˮӾƷ 
\x\x β 
˲ΣǮ 飨һ ܺǮ 棨һǮڣ ĸݣǮ 󶬣Ǯ ڽ 
֣ 
ˮ 
\xͻ\x· θҡΣ 
¹ǽǮʥҩ Ǯ ׽ӣǮ ʲݣһǮ  һǮ ڽ̿ 
֣ ƣǮ ⣨ 
ˮ 
\x\x· Ӹ 
飨Ǯ ֣Ǯ Ǯ ǼǮ ģǮƣ ׽ӣǮ Ƥ 
һǮ ܴǮ ӣ֣ 
ˮ 
\xɢ\x ǰ֤ 
 һ 飨Ǯ 磨һǮ ׽ӣǮ ֣Ǯ ߣǮ  
Ǯ 轣Ǯ ޲ʣǮ 
ˮ 
\xⶾ\x· ָ۶ 
Ǯ أǮ 飨Ǯ ֣һǮ֣ 컨ۣǮ һǮ 
ˣһǮ 飨һǮ ϬǣһǮ 󶬣һǮ ֪ĸһǮ ʲݣһǮ 
ˮһҽ֮Ϊϵ֮ҩЧ磬ʹͣò飬ɲ 
ȴͬʷԸָѾ״۴һʱǰһոʹת 
ʼҲǰޣ֮һ֪ѡҽ⽺תƣࡣ 
ǰ 
\x·\x ͬǰ֤ 
أǮ 󶬣Ǯ ϻضǮ 飨Ǯ һ ֪ĸǮ  
ݣǮ 
ˮвøط 
\xַ\x ͬǰ֤ 
һȡ֭ ׷ĩֻۻƣ 뼦ڽȣ׻ָϣֹʹ񡣵 
ĸߡ 
\xӳ\x· δӸǴ֤ 
ƣǮļѣ βǮ ֣Ǯ ʣʮȥƤ⣩ ӺǮ 컨һ 
Ǯ ľ㣨˷֣ ӣǮɣȡܵӳҲ 
ˮ 
\x\x· ͬǰ֤ 
ƣǮ ƤǮ ӣǮ ʣʮ ʯǮʮջȥŴζҲ 
ˮº鷦ߣ˲ò ػδأ 
\xַ\x ͬǰ֤ 
ʯǮ ̣Ǯ ƣǮ 
ˮ 
\xйɢ\x· СӸǴ֢ 
ʯǮ ƣǮﱳ ūǮ ꣨һǮĩ ľͨһǮ ǰӣǮ 
ʲݣǮ һ֣˶ãȡ״ˮҲ 
ˮ 
\x迣\x· ͬǰ֤ 
ƣǮ ūǮ ꣨һǮĩ ʲݣһǮ 
ˮ 
\xַ\x ͬǰ֤ 
ƣǮ ̣Ǯ ʯǮ 
ˮ 
\x\x· С 
ɳΣһ ֣Ǯ һǮ ٺˣһǮ һǮ Ҷջ 
ղȡɣҪưʽǮ 
ˮ 
\x·\x ͬǰ֤ 
ҶǮ ¬ͣǮ ݪܣһǮС㣩 
ˮ 
\xɢ\x· ²㶾Ӹ֤ŧδ˼֮ 
ƣǮ ƣǮ ɽףƬ Ǯ 
ˮ 
\x\x· Ӹ 
 ˲ΣǮ 飨Ǯ ʲݣǮ ţƤǮ ɽףƬ  
ƣǮÿйҲ 
ˮ 
\x\x· Ѹ׹ 
أǮ  Ǯˣ ΣǮ Ǯ Ǯ ߣǮ 
ܺһǮ ֣һǮ 飨֣ ֣ 
ˮ 
\xйȾ\x· ʴ 
ʯǮ ʲңһǮܻʹ Ǯ 
ˮ 
\x屦ɢ\x· ͬǰ֤ 
魺ˣǮ  ˮʯǮ 
ϱƬһ֣ ţƣһ֣ 飨 ʯ֮ Ϲȣմƿй 
ʱ͵룬ʪɲЧޱȡ 
\x\x· θʴ  
飨Ǯ ֣Ǯ ߣǮ ӣǮ룩 ˷֣ ٣Ǯǣ 
ˮ 
\xң\x· ͬǰ֤ 
˲ΣǮ һǮ ֣Ǯ  
Ǯ ٣Ǯ ɽҩǮ ߣǮ ʲݣһǮ ˼ã 
ˮ 
\x \x ͬǰ֤ 
ߴӣһ Ǯ ׷ǮˮѬ֮ϴ֮ռЧ֮ 
\x\x ÷ 
ߣһ Ǯ ޲ʣǮ ϣǮ ľϣǮ ޺ƤһǮ ľ 
ͨһǮ ˣȥ¼Ҳ 
ˮ۾ýأôºߣϤ֮ʳδأ 
\xȥʪ\x ۽ע 
˲ΣǮ Ǯ  һ 磨һǮ һǮ ޲ʣǮ ʵ 
Ǯ Ƥ֣ һǮ ߣǮ ģǮƣ 
ˮ 
\x\x ͬǰ֤ 
 һ ޲ʣһ ʵǮ һ ߣǮ ֣ 磨 
֣ ǰӣǮ ׽ӣǮ 
ˮ 
\x˳\x· ۽ųġ֤״˺Σ 
ߣǮ кǮ ֣ ľϣһǮ ǣһǮ ǰӣǮ 
ˮ 
\xȫֺ\x· ֺƶָֺ 
ţϥǮ ʯǮ һ ԪΣǮ ʾջǮ 飨Ǯ  
ߣǮ ʲݣǮ 
ˮ 
\xֺ\x· ǰ֤ 
˲ΣǮ  Ǯ Զ־Ǯȥģ һ ߣǮ ţϥǮ  
ʯǮ 
ˮ 
\xаɢ\x· иסһˮҲٹҩ 
Ǯ 飨Ǯ ˲ΣһǮ 㸽һ 
Ǯ ҩһǮ ľϣһǮ ߣһǮ Ƥ֣ գ֣ ʲݣ֣ã 
Ƭ 
ˮƢߣ˺󷽲 
\xӼ\x ͬǰ֤ 
˲ΣǮ Ǯ 飨Ǯ  Ǯ ʲݣ֣ һǮ  
֣ Ƥ֣ ߣһ 
ˮ 
\x\x иҡ 
أһ̥ʥҩ ¹ǽǮ ׽ӣǮ ʲݣһǮ  һǮ ڽ 
֡϶ζע̥ҩԻ̥֮֮νйҲ ƣ֣ ˮ 
һĳв£ҸһƤɫ糣裬֮ٶ֮ǰ֮ 
ĳԻøƷҩа̥Իй棬αعǡĳԥĪ 
ҽԻԱ̥ΪˣϮֱ̥֮ ʹ̥衣ǰ 
ҽ֮Իҩ벡Υܼ¡һ̥ŧʮȬھνβ 
䱾˹ԡ 
\xӸ\x· βӸ 
飨һ ܺǮ Ǯ ѹӢǮ 棨һǮ ʲݣǮ 
ˮ 
\xȲ\x· βҡ 
˲ΣǮ 飨һ ܺǮ 棨һǮ  һǮ ĸݣǮ 
ˮ 
\x\xׯ ζҡơöƩֶ֮ͣů 
֮Ҳ֮ȫ˹ʱಹѪͨ磬˹Ϊŧ 
඾ӡʦνҩԽⶾ֪̥Уҩ͡˹ҩ 
ڼ֮䣬ԷΪңԻöƤɫ߾Ӷ࣬Դ˷֮ɫߣþػ 
֮Ȼ֤֤࣬ٶδ֤֮Ҳ 
أǮ Ǯ ɽҩǮ ΣǮ  Ǯ ׽ӣһǮԭò 
֮ ʲݣһǮ  һǮ ڽ֣ ƣ֣ 
ˮһСͷãԻᶥԻ÷㡣ŧѪˮ겻˳ʱҩ 
йܺݣϳͷƩ֮¯ˮ֮ϳ壬һҲôԪ 
֮ԪʮԪ巽δء 
\xػ\xׯ ζӸ֤౸Σ 
أǮ ɽҩǮ ƤһǮ ߣһǮ ɽ⣨һǮ 棨һǮ 磨һ 
Ǯ ʲݣһǮ 
ˮ 
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ԪΣǮ ֪ĸǮ ʯࣨǮ ̣Ǯ ţӣǮ ƣǮ ׿ 
һǮ ֣ ʲݣ˷ ҶʮƬ 
ˮ߼â 
\xַ\x ͬǰ֤ 
׹Ҷâɣ ϴԡסؽɣ̸ȣΪѢߣúݡ 
һǰϴԡˮζΪҪ 
\xû\x· ˡ 
飨Ǯ ƤǮ أǮ ʲݣһǮ ܣǮ Ǯ ߣǮ 
ˮðܲȡȻ֭ͯɣرߣټǮ ɽƧ 
ҩֹ֭ܲЧнˣҹأ»˯˷ߣ֭ܲ 
ϤЧ˹¼ 
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оˣۺν֮Ч顣顶ݸĿ𼯱ݡδأ֪֮ģ 
Թûߣʤӡϧգ 
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ܻͿ˴˷ʹֹѪ˽ЧŸΣ 
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ӡ 
ǣ֭   棨ϳ˿ 
ҩȷ֣мϸĩÿǮͯͺþƵ¡ɣȡߵҲˣ 
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ʮ ǼǮ 磨һǮ ǣǮƣ ƣ֣ 
ˮȬδȥٷ ͸֮ 
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֮˹ڶڣȮϲ䶾ӿڱ룬췢񲡣 ȮӲͷ͡ 
βֱǰУ˺˴䶾շջշ䲡ĸʹʶ壬 
ʹҧ⣬·״ԡ֤򲡻磬缴սη壬 
ྪ費Ҳ 
ΣǮ ǼǮ Ǯ Ǯ ǰǮ ʲݣǮ ߣ 
Ǯ ׿ǣǮã ܺǮ ۹Ǯ ܣһ һѣ Ƭ 
ˮ磬·̶״䲡ĸʹҩЧҽ಻ʶμ 
ͬ򲡻һ磬ԻôգȮԷ֤ҲõܰܶɢŨ塣ؽ 
գ÷֮Կһʶ壬ټ䲡ʧĿߡ 
ơ÷Ȯܣҧ¼ж˹ηΣսҩһ粡ͷ 
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öǰԷΪŧѪӴݡиɷ 
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ƣǮ 󶬣һȥģ 
ˮҷ˴䴹ҧһҲڴ嶡ȫ䱻ҧˣɣٿͻƺ 
ɫƣѱΣմ˷֮죬ˮ˿壬ȫ˼֮ÿҧ 
顣 
\x˳\x· Ӹҷһ׶۴Ч 
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ˮȡ費ճָΪȣ¼صˮһ˵ִΪָ϶ˮУȥԡ 
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˳ĽʳϺ󡣬Ȱ¼ɲԵ Ҳʶ 
\x͸\x· Ӹҷ͵ȶܻѪʹɢף󼴰ŧȥ 
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ľܽأղҶƤ򻨾 ϾƤ  ǣ룩  
룩 ƣһ ҩͣݡȥٰУͶ보ɻƵһǦ 
ɡ¼ơðˮ飬»Ƶǣ鹾ռУɣ֦ȣˮȡ 
ճָΪȣˮȥԡ̯á 
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Ƥ½ǮƬ ɽףǮ ӷһǮ ţݣ ѪߣǮ 裨Ǯ 
׽㣨Ǯܿȥĩ 
ҩͶƤɽסзţݼݣȥͳ׼ҩͣһ보ɻƵ 
Ȱˮȡ費ճָΪȣѪߡ衢ܿĩȣˮȥԡ̯ 
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ţݣҶ ҩһգͭҩݣȥٰУ° 
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ף׳Ҫʹ߾ʹʹ߾ʹΪֹӸаھ磬ӪնУ 
ಫð֮һʹ˹ɢʹⲻֱһٶƱӡѸԻӸ߾ 
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ԻƸĳ棬ͷҽĪʩΪ֪ 
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ˣ׽˵Ƿǣ׺Уƣһма֤ 
ݷΣ޲Ӧ顣 
Т˳ʮ֣  ȫã ݣʩ ԣһζ ϸʮ֣ ֱһ飩 ֣ʱã 
ȥģ 壨ã ʵһ ģһƬ Сģһ㣩 ģϴ Уȫã 
һţ 㣨ж٣ ȳһ ͣٸ 
ҩϸУӲΪ裬Ӵʱƽ·мЦﵶм 
ƽط粨Ӵݲҩż·ͤӦһţ䷽Ի˸Ȱء 
ɽϣؾУ һ֮ϧĲȱҹÿȱԼ⣬ظĩ 
һƬԲԪҲȻ֮ǷߣҮ֮ŨҲȻ֮Ƿߣ 
Ү֮ŨҲϽʶ 
Իϸڱϴĵõҩǧֻ顣 

